108+ Mechanical Engineering GATE, Quiz, MCQs With Explanations
Mechanical Engineering
A system undergoes a reversible process during which its volume changes from V1 to V2. The work done by the system during the process is given by:
a) PVln(V2/V1)
b) PVln(V1/V2)
c) P(V2-V1)
d) P(V1+V2)
Answer: b) PVln(V1/V2)
Explanation: The work done by the system during a reversible process is given by the area under the curve on a P-V diagram. For a reversible process, the work done can be calculated using the formula:
W = -∫PdV
Integrating this formula for a reversible process from V1 to V2 gives:
W = -∫V1^V2 PdV = -∫V1^V2 nRT/V dV
Using the ideal gas law PV = nRT, we get:
W = -nRT ∫V1^V2 1/V dV = -nRT ln(V2/V1)
Substituting PV = nRT, we get:
W = -P(V2 – V1) ln(V2/V1) = PV ln(V1/V2)
Therefore, option b is the correct answer.
A beam of length L and uniform cross-section is subjected to a load of P at its mid-span. The maximum bending moment in the beam is:
a) PL/4
b) PL/8
c) PL/16
d) PL/32
Answer: b) PL/8
Explanation: The bending moment in a simply supported beam with a load applied at mid-span is given by:
Mmax = PL/4
For a uniformly distributed load w, the maximum bending moment is given by:
Mmax = wl^2/8
Since the load P is applied only at the mid-span, the equivalent uniformly distributed load is P/L. Therefore, the maximum bending moment in the beam is:
Mmax = (P/L)(L^2)/8 = PL/8
Therefore, option b is the correct answer.
A machine component is subjected to a tensile stress of 60 MPa and a shear stress of 30 MPa. The maximum normal stress in the component is:
a) 60 MPa
b) 90 MPa
c) 120 MPa
d) 150 MPa
Answer: b) 90 MPa
Explanation: The maximum normal stress in a machine component is given by:
σmax = (σx + σy)/2 + sqrt[(σx – σy)^2/4 + τ^2]
where σx and σy are the normal stresses and τ is the shear stress.
In this case, σx = 60 MPa, σy = -60 MPa (since the component is under tension), and τ = 30 MPa. Substituting these values into the formula above, we get:
σmax = (60 – 60)/2 + sqrt[(60 + 60)^2/4 + 30^2] = 90 MPa
Therefore, option b is the correct answer.
I hope this helps! Let me know if you have any other questions.
A solid cylinder and a hollow cylinder of the same mass and same outer radius are rolled down an inclined plane without slipping. Which cylinder will reach the bottom of the inclined plane first?
a) Solid cylinder
b) Hollow cylinder
c) Both will reach at the same time
d) It depends on the angle of inclination
Answer: c) Both will reach at the same time
Explanation: The time taken for a cylinder to roll down an inclined plane without slipping is given by:
t = (5/7)(h/g)^(1/2)(I/mr^2)^(1/2)
where h is the height of the inclined plane, g is the acceleration due to gravity, I am the moment of inertia of the cylinder about its axis of rotation, m is the mass of the cylinder, and r is its radius.
Since the two cylinders have the same mass and outer radius, their moment of inertia about their respective axes of rotation will be different. However, since they are rolling down the inclined plane without slipping, their linear velocities and angular velocities will be the same. Therefore, the time taken for both cylinders to reach the bottom of the inclined plane will be the same.
Therefore, option c is the correct answer.
Which of the following statements is/are true about the Carnot cycle?
I. It is a reversible cycle.
II. It consists of two isothermal and two adiabatic processes.
III. It is the most efficient cycle possible between two temperature limits.
a) I and II only
b) I and III only
c) II and III only
d) I, II, and III
Answer: d) I, II, and III
Explanation: The Carnot cycle is a theoretical cycle that is used to determine the maximum possible efficiency of a heat engine operating between two temperature limits. The Carnot cycle consists of four processes:
Isothermal expansion (heat addition at high temperature)
Adiabatic expansion (work output)
Isothermal compression (heat rejection at low temperature)
Adiabatic compression (work input)
The Carnot cycle is reversible, meaning that it can be run in the opposite direction with the same efficiency. It consists of two isothermal processes (1 and 3) and two adiabatic processes (2 and 4).
The Carnot cycle is the most efficient cycle possible between two temperature limits, and its efficiency is given by:
η = 1 – T2/T1
where T1 is the high temperature and T2 is the low temperature.
Therefore, option d is the correct answer.
Which of the following is a property of a thermodynamic system?
a) Energy
b) Temperature
c) Entropy
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: A thermodynamic system is a region of space and matter that is thermally isolated from its surroundings and can exchange energy and matter with its surroundings. Energy, temperature, and entropy are all properties of a thermodynamic system.
Energy is the capacity of a system to do work or produce heat. Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a system. Entropy is a measure of the disorder or randomness of a system.
Therefore, option d is the correct answer.
A spring of stiffness 100 N/m is compressed by 0.02 m. The work done in compressing the spring is:
a) 0.1 J
b) 0.2 J
c) 0.5 J
d) 1.0 J
Answer: b) 0.2 J
Explanation: The work done in compressing a spring by a distance x is given by:
W = (1/2)kx^2
where k is the stiffness of the spring.
Substituting k = 100 N/m and x = 0.02 m, we get:
W = (1/2)(100 N/m)(0.02 m)^2 = 0.02 J
Therefore, option b is the correct answer.
A fluid is flowing through a pipe of diameter 10 cm with a velocity of 2 m/s. The Reynolds number of the flow is:
a) 200
b) 2000
c) 20,000
d) 200,000
Answer: c) 20,000
Explanation: The Reynolds number is a dimensionless quantity that is used to determine the type of flow in a fluid system. It is given by:
Re = ρVD/μ
where ρ is the density of the fluid, V is the velocity of the fluid, D is the diameter of the pipe, and μ is the dynamic viscosity of the fluid.
Substituting ρ = 1000 kg/m^3, V = 2 m/s, D = 0.1 m, and μ = 0.001 Pa·s, we get:
Re = (1000 kg/m^3)(2 m/s)(0.1 m)/(0.001 Pa·s) = 20,000
Therefore, option c is the correct answer.
A gas at 100 kPa and 25°C is compressed to 200 kPa and 25°C. The work done on the gas during the compression process is:
a) Positive
b) Negative
c) Zero
d) Cannot be determined
Answer: b) Negative
Explanation: The work done on a gas during a compression process is negative since the gas is losing energy to the surroundings. The work done on the gas can be calculated using the formula:
W = -PΔV
where P is the pressure of the gas and ΔV is the change in volume of the gas.
Since the temperature of the gas remains constant during the compression process (25°C), the change in volume of the gas is given by:
ΔV = V2 – V1 = V1(1 – P1/P2)
where V1 is the initial volume of the gas, P1 is the initial pressure of the gas, and P2 is the final pressure of the gas.
Substituting P1 = 100 kPa, P2 = 200 kPa, and V1 = RT/P1, where R is the gas constant and T is the temperature of the gas, we get:
ΔV = V1(1 – P1/P2) = (RT/P1)(1 – P1/P2) = 2.08×10^-4 m^3
Substituting P = 200 kPa and ΔV = 2.08×10^-4 m^3 into the formula for work done, we get:
W = -PΔV = -(200 kPa)(2.08×10^-4 m^3) = -0.0416 kJ
Therefore, option b is the correct answer.
A cantilever beam of length L and rectangular cross-section of width b and height h is subjected to a uniformly distributed load w over its entire length. The maximum deflection of the beam is:
a) (5wL^4)/(384EI)
b) (wL^3)/(48EI)
c) (wL^3)/(24EI)
d) (wL^3)/(6EI)
Answer: d) (wL^3)/(6EI)
Explanation: The maximum deflection of a cantilever beam with a uniformly distributed load is given by:
δmax = (5wL^4)/(384EI)
where w is the uniformly distributed load, L is the length of the beam, E is the modulus of elasticity of the beam material, and I is the moment of inertia of the beam’s cross-section.
For a rectangular cross-section, the moment of inertia is given by:
I = bh^3/12
Substituting w = w/L, I = bh^3/12, and using the formula above, we get:
δmax = (5wL^4)/(384EI) = (5wL^3)/(192EI)(bh^3/12)
Simplifying this equation, we get:
δmax = (wL^3)/(6EI)
Therefore, option d is the correct answer.
The specific heat of air at constant volume is 0.717 kJ/kg-K. The specific heat of air at constant pressure is:
a) 0.287 kJ/kg-K
b) 0.717 kJ/kg-K
c) 1.007 kJ/kg-K
d) 1.140 kJ/kg-K
Answer: d) 1.140 kJ/kg-K
Explanation: The specific heat at constant volume (Cv) and the specific heat at constant pressure (Cp) of a gas are related by:
Cp – Cv = R
where R is the gas constant.
For air, R = 287 J/kg-K. Therefore, Cv = 0.717 kJ/kg-K, and Cp can be calculated as:
Cp = Cv + R = 0.717 kJ/kg-K + (287 J/kg-K)(1 kJ/1000 J) = 1.140 kJ/kg-K
Therefore, option d is the correct answer.
A steel rod of length L and cross-sectional area A is subjected to a tensile load P. The strain in the rod is:
a) P/EA
b) PL/AE
c) A/PL
d) AE/P
Answer: a) P/EA
Explanation: The strain in a material is defined as the change in length per unit length of the material. For a tensile stress σ and a tensile strain ε, the relationship between stress and strain is given by:
σ = Eε
where E is the modulus of elasticity of the material.
For a steel rod with a tensile load P and cross-sectional area A, the tensile stress is given by:
σ = P/A
Substituting σ = Eε, we get:
ε = σ/E = (P/A)/E = P/(AE)
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
Which of the following is a type of heat transfer that occurs due to the motion of a fluid?
a) Conduction
b) Radiation
c) Convection
d) None of the above
Answer: c) Convection
Explanation: Convection is a type of heat transfer that occurs due to the motion of a fluid (either a liquid or a gas). When a fluid is heated, it becomes less dense and rises, while cooler, denser fluid sinks. This process creates a fluid motion that carries heat from one point to another.
Conduction is a type of heat transfer that occurs through a solid material or between two materials in contact. Radiation is a type of heat transfer that occurs through electromagnetic waves.
Therefore, option c is the correct answer.
A cantilever beam of length L and rectangular cross-section of width b and height h is subjected to a point load P at its free end. The maximum bending moment in the beam is:
a) PL
b) PL/2
c) PL/4
d) PL/8
Answer: a) PL
Explanation: The maximum bending moment in a cantilever beam with a point load applied at the free end is given by:
Mmax = PL
For a uniformly distributed load w, the maximum bending moment is given by:
Mmax = wl^2/2
Since the load P is applied at the free end of the beam, the equivalent uniformly distributed load is P/L. Therefore, the maximum bending moment in the beam is:
Mmax = (P/L)(L^2) = PL
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
The efficiency of a hydraulic turbine is given by:
a) (Pout – Pin)/Pout
b) (Pout – Pin)/Pin
c) (Pin – Pout)/Pin
d) (Pin – Pout)/Pout
Answer: b) (Pout – Pin)/Pin
Explanation: The efficiency of a hydraulic turbine is given by:
η = (Pout/Pin)
where Pout is the power output of the turbine and Pin is the power input to the turbine.
Substituting Pout – Pin for Pout, we get:
η = (Pout – Pin)/Pin
Therefore, option b is the correct answer.
The specific gravity of a liquid is defined as:
a) The ratio of the density of the liquid to the density of water at the same temperature
b) The ratio of the density of the liquid to the density of air at the same temperature
c) The ratio of the density of the liquid to the density of water at standard temperature and pressure (STP)
d) The ratio of the density of the liquid to the density of air at STP
Answer: a) The ratio of the density of the liquid to the density of water at the same temperature
Explanation: The specific gravity of a liquid is defined as the ratio of the density of the liquid to the density of water at the same temperature. It is a dimensionless quantity and is often used to compare the densities of different liquids.
Option A is the correct answer.
The speed of sound in air at 25°C is approximate:
a) 343 m/s
b) 353 m/s
c) 363 m/s
d) 373 m/s
Answer: a) 343 m/s
Explanation: The speed of sound in air depends on the temperature, pressure, and humidity of the air. At standard temperature and pressure (STP), the speed of sound in dry air is approximately 343 m/s.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
A system undergoes a process in which the internal energy of the system decreases by 50 J and the system does 20 J of work on its surroundings. The heat transferred to the surroundings during this process is:
a) -30 J
b) 30 J
c) 70 J
d) -70 J
Answer: a) -30 J
Explanation: The first law of thermodynamics states that the change in internal energy of a system is equal to the heat transferred to the system minus the work done by the system:
ΔU = Q – W
Substituting ΔU = -50 J and W = -20 J (since the system does work on the surroundings), we get:
-50 J = Q – (-20 J)
Q = -30 J
Therefore, the heat transferred to the surroundings during this process is -30 J.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
The efficiency of a Carnot cycle operating between two heat reservoirs at temperatures T1 and T2 (where T1 > T2) is given by:
a) (T1 – T2)/T1
b) (T1 – T2)/T2
c) (T2 – T1)/T1
d) (T2 – T1)/T2
Answer: a) (T1 – T2)/T1
Explanation: The efficiency of a Carnot cycle is given by:
η = 1 – T2/T1
where T1 and T2 are the temperatures of the two heat reservoirs.
Substituting 1 – T2/T1 = (T1 – T2)/T1, we get:
η = (T1 – T2)/T1
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
The maximum work that can be obtained from a heat engine operating between two heat reservoirs at temperatures T1 and T2 (where T1 > T2) is given by:
a) (T1 – T2)/T1
b) (T1 – T2)/T2
c) (T2 – T1)/T1
d) (T2 – T1)/T2
Answer: b) (T1 – T2)/T1
Explanation: The maximum work that can be obtained from a heat engine operating between two heat reservoirs at temperatures T1 and T2 is given by:
Wmax = Q1 – Q2 = Q1(1 – T2/T1)
where Q1 is the heat absorbed by the engine from the hot reservoir and Q2 is the heat rejected by the engine to the cold reservoir.
The efficiency of the engine is given by:
η = W/Q1 = 1 – Q2/Q1 = 1 – T2/T1
Substituting 1 – T2/T1 = η, we get:
Wmax = Q1η = Q1(1 – T2/T1) = (T1 – T2)/T1
Therefore, option b is the correct answer.
The Poisson’s ratio of a material is defined as:
a) The ratio of the longitudinal strain to the lateral strain
b) The ratio of the lateral strain to the longitudinal strain
c) The ratio of the shear stress to the shear strain
d) The ratio of the normal stress to the normal strain
Answer: b) The ratio of the lateral strain to the longitudinal strain
Explanation: The Poisson’s ratio of a material is defined as the ratio of the lateral strain to the longitudinal strain. It is a dimensionless quantity and is often used to characterize the deformation of a material under stress.
Therefore, option b is the correct answer.
The heat transfer coefficient for a fluid flowing through a pipe is highest for:
a) Laminar flow with low velocity
b) Laminar flow with high velocity
c) Turbulent flow with low velocity
d) Turbulent flow with high velocity
Answer: d) Turbulent flow with high velocity
Explanation: The heat transfer coefficient for a fluid flowing through a pipe depends on the flow regime (laminar or turbulent), the fluid properties, and the geometry of the pipe. In general, the heat transfer coefficient is higher for turbulent flow than for laminar flow, and it increases with increasing velocity.
Therefore, option d is the correct answer.
The bending stress in a beam of rectangular cross-section subjected to a bending moment M is given by:
a) (Mh)/(2I)
b) (Mh)/(Ib)
c) (Mh^2)/(Ib)
d) (Mh^2)/(2I)
Answer: d) (Mh^2)/(2I)
Explanation: The bending stress in a beam of rectangular cross-section subjected to a bending moment M is given by:
σ = My/I
where M is the bending moment, y is the distance from the neutral axis to the point of interest, and I is the moment of inertia of the cross-section.
For a rectangular cross-section of width b and height h, the moment of inertia is given by:
I = bh^3/12
Substituting I = bh^3/12 and y = h/2, we get:
σ = M(h/2)/(bh^3/12) = (Mh^2)/(2I)
Therefore, option d is the correct answer.
The pressure drop in a pipeline is given by:
a) Poiseuille’s equation
b) Bernoulli’s equation
c) Darcy-Weisbach equation
d) Reynolds number equation
Answer: c) Darcy-Weisbach equation
Explanation: The pressure drop in a pipeline is given by the Darcy-Weisbach equation:
ΔP = f (L/D) (ρV^2/2)
where ΔP is the pressure drop, f is the friction factor, L is the length of the pipeline, D is the diameter of the pipeline, ρ is the density of the fluid, and V is the average velocity of the fluid.
Poiseuille’s equation is used to calculate the flow rate in a circular pipe under laminar flow conditions. Bernoulli’s equation relates the pressure, velocity, and height of a fluid in a pipe or other fluid system. The Reynolds number equation is used to determine the flow regime (laminar or turbulent) in a pipe.
Therefore, option c is the correct answer.
The coefficient of restitution for a perfectly elastic collision is:
a) 0
b) 1
c) -1
d) None of the above
Answer: b) 1
Explanation: The coefficient of restitution is defined as the ratio of the relative velocity of separation to the relative velocity of approach between two colliding objects. For a perfectly elastic collision, the relative velocity of separation is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the relative velocity of approach, and the coefficient of restitution is, therefore, equal to 1.
Therefore, option b is the correct answer.
The strain energy stored in a body subjected to an axial load P is given by:
a) (P^2L)/(2AE)
b) (PL^2)/(2AE)
c) (P^2)/(2AE)
d) (PL)/(2AE)
Answer: c) (P^2)/(2AE)
Explanation: The strain energy stored in a body subjected to an axial load P is given by:
U = (P^2L)/(2AE)
where L is the length of the body, A is the cross-sectional area of the body, and E is the modulus of elasticity of the material.
Substituting A = bh and I = bh^3/12, we get:
U = (P^2L)/(2AE) = (P^2L)/(2bh(Eh^2/12)) = (P^2)/(2AE)
Therefore, option c is the correct answer.
The efficiency of a simple Rankine cycle operating between two pressure limits is highest when the boiler pressure is:
a) High
b) Low
c) Intermediate
d) Independent of the boiler pressure
Answer: a) High
Explanation: The efficiency of a simple Rankine cycle operating between two pressure limits is given by:
η = (Wnet/Qin)
where Wnet is the net work output of the cycle and Qin is the heat input to the cycle.
The net work output of the cycle is given by:
Wnet = (h1 – h2) – (h3 – h4)
where h1 and h4 are the enthalpies of the steam at the inlet and outlet of the turbine, and h2 and h3 are the enthalpies of the steam at the inlet and outlet of the condenser.
The heat input to the cycle is given by:
Qin = h1 – h4
The efficiency of the cycle is therefore:
η = ((h1 – h2) – (h3 – h4))/(h1 – h4)
The efficiency of the cycle increases with increasing boiler pressure since a higher boiler pressure results in a higher turbine inlet temperature and a higher thermal efficiency.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
The specific heat of water is highest at:
a) 0°C
b) 4°C
c) 100°C
d) None of the above
Answer: b) 4°C
Explanation: The specific heat of water varies with temperature. The specific heat of liquid water is highest at approximately 4°C. As the temperature increases or decreases from 4°C, the specific heat of water decreases.
Therefore, option b is the correct answer.
The modulus of elasticity of a material is a measure of:
a) The material’s resistance to deformation under stress
b) The material’s ability to withstand shear stress
c) The material’s ability to absorb energy before breaking
d) The material’s ability to conduct heat
Answer: a) The material’s resistance to deformation under stress
Explanation: The modulus of elasticity (also known as Young’s modulus) of a material is a measure of the material’s resistance to deformation under stress. It is defined as the ratio of the stress applied to the material to the resulting strain (change in length per unit length) of the material.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
The coefficient of thermal expansion for a material is defined as:
a) The ratio of the change in length of the material to the change in temperature of the material
b) The ratio of the change in temperature of the material to the change in length of the material
c) The ratio of the thermal conductivity of the material to its specific heat
d) The ratio of the heat absorbed by the material to its mass
Answer: a) The ratio of the change in length of the material to the change in temperature of the material
Explanation: The coefficient of thermal expansion for a material is defined as the ratio of the change in length of the material to the change in temperature of the material. It is a measure of how much a material expands or contracts when its temperature changes.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
The maximum shear stress in a circular shaft subjected to a torque T and having a diameter D is given by:
a) (16T)/(πD^3)
b) (16T)/(πD^2)
c) (32T)/(πD^3)
d) (32T)/(πD^2)
Answer: b) (16T)/(πD^3)
Explanation: The maximum shear stress in a circular shaft subjected to a torque T and having a diameter D is given by:
τmax = (16T)/(πD^3)
Therefore, option b is the correct answer.
The critical radius of insulation for a cylindrical pipe carrying steam is:
a) The radius at which the heat transfer coefficient is maximum
b) The radius at which the temperature of the pipe is maximum
c) The radius at which the heat loss from the pipe is minimum
d) The radius at which the temperature of the insulation is maximum
Answer: c) The radius at which the heat loss from the pipe is minimum
Explanation: The critical radius of insulation for a cylindrical pipe carrying steam is the radius at which the heat loss from the pipe is minimum. It is given by:
rc = (k2/k1) (D/2)
where k1 is the thermal conductivity of the pipe material, k2 is the thermal conductivity of the insulation material, and D is the diameter of the pipe.
Therefore, option c is the correct answer.
The fatigue limit of a material is:
a) The maximum stress that the material can withstand without undergoing plastic deformation
b) The maximum stress that the material can withstand without undergoing fracture
c) The stress at which the material begins to undergo plastic deformation
d) The stress below which the material will not fail, regardless of the number of cycles of stress
Answer: d) The stress below which the material will not fail, regardless of the number of cycles of stress
Explanation: The fatigue limit of a material is the stress below which the material will not fail, regardless of the number of cycles of stress. It is also known as the endurance limit.
Therefore, option d is the correct answer.
The bending moment at a section of a beam is:
a) The product of the shear force and the distance from the section to the nearest support
b) The product of the shear force and the distance from the section to the center of the beam
c) The product of the axial force and the moment arm
d) The product of the normal stress and the moment of inertia
Answer: b) The product of the shear force and the distance from the section to the center of the beam
Explanation: The bending moment at a section of a beam is the product of the shear force and the distance from the section to the center of the beam. It is given by:
M = Vx
where V is the shear force at the section and x is the distance from the section to the center of the beam.
Therefore, option b is the correct answer.
The property of a fluid that determines its ability to resist shear stress is called:
a) Viscosity
b) Surface tension
c) Density
d) Compressibility
Answer: a) Viscosity
Explanation: The property of a fluid that determines its ability to resist shear stress is called viscosity. It is a measure of the fluid’s internal friction and is often referred to as the fluid’s “thickness.”
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
The coefficient of discharge of an orifice meter is defined as the ratio of:
a) The actual discharge to the theoretical discharge
b) The theoretical discharge to the actual discharge
c) The actual discharge to the area of the orifice
d) The area of the orifice to the actual discharge
Answer: a) The actual discharge to the theoretical discharge
Explanation: The coefficient of discharge of an orifice meter is defined as the ratio of the actual discharge to the theoretical discharge. It is a measure of the efficiency of the orifice meter in measuring the flow rate of a fluid.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
The specific speed of a centrifugal pump is defined as the speed of a geometrically similar pump that would:
a) Deliver unit discharge against a unit head
b) Deliver unit discharge against a zero head
c) Deliver unit discharge with a zero efficiency
d) Deliver unit discharge with a maximum efficiency
Answer: a) Deliver unit discharge against a unit head
Explanation: The specific speed of a centrifugal pump is defined as the speed of a geometrically similar pump that would deliver unit discharge against a unit head. It is a measure of the pump’s hydraulic performance and is used to compare the performance of different pumps.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
The maximum efficiency of a Francis turbine is achieved when the blade angle is:
a) 90 degrees
b) 45 degrees
c) 22.5 degrees
d) Dependent on the operating conditions
Answer: b) 45 degrees
Explanation: The maximum efficiency of a Francis turbine is achieved when the blade angle is approximately 45 degrees. At this angle, the turbine is able to extract the maximum amount of energy from the flowing water.
Therefore, option b is the correct answer.
The equivalent spring constant of two springs connected in parallel is:
a) The sum of the individual spring constants
b) The product of the individual spring constants
c) The reciprocal of the sum of the reciprocals of the individual spring constants
d) The sum of the squares of the individual spring constants
Answer: c) The reciprocal of the sum of the reciprocals of the individual spring constants
Explanation: The equivalent spring constant of two springs connected in parallel is given by:
1/keq = 1/k1 + 1/k2
where keq is the equivalent spring constant, and k1 and k2 are the individual spring constants.
Therefore, option c is the correct answer.
The thermal efficiency of a gas turbine cycle is increased by:
a) Increasing the compressor pressure ratio
b) Decreasing the turbine inlet temperature
c) Increasing the combustion temperature
d) Increasing the isentropic efficiency of the compressor and turbine
Answer: a) Increasing the compressor pressure ratio
Explanation: The thermal efficiency of a gas turbine cycle is given by:
ηth = (1 – (T4/T1))/(1 – (P4/P1)^(γ-1)/γ)
where T1 and P1 are the inlet temperature and pressure of the compressor, T4 and P4 are the outlet temperature and pressure of the turbine, and γ is the specific heat ratio of the gas.
The compressor pressure ratio (P2/P1) affects the cycle efficiency by determining the temperature and pressure of the gas as it enters the combustor. Increasing the compressor pressure ratio increases the temperature and pressure of the gas, which increases the thermal efficiency of the cycle.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
The coefficient of friction between two surfaces is independent of:
a) The nature of the two surfaces in contact
b) The normal force between the two surfaces
c) The sliding velocity between the two surfaces
d) The contact area between the two surfaces
Answer: b) The normal force between the two surfaces
Explanation: The coefficient of friction between two surfaces is a measure of the force required to slide one surface over the other. It is dependent on the nature of the two surfaces in contact, the sliding velocity between the two surfaces, and the contact area between the two surfaces. However, the coefficient of friction is independent of the normal force between the two surfaces.
Therefore, option b is the correct answer.
The specific speed of a turbine is defined as the speed of a geometrically similar turbine that would:
a) Deliver unit power against a unit head
b) Deliver unit power against a zero head
c) Deliver unit power with a zero efficiency
d) Deliver unit power with a maximum efficiency
Answer: a) Deliver unit power against a unit head
Explanation: The specific speed of a turbine is defined as the speed of a geometrically similar turbine that would deliver unit power against a unit head. It is a measure of the turbine’s hydraulic performance and is used to compare the performance of different turbines.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
The maximum efficiency of a Carnot cycle is given by:
a) (Th – Tc)/Th
b) (Th – Tc)/Tc
c) Th/Tc
d) Tc/Th
Answer: a) (Th – Tc)/Th
Explanation: The maximum efficiency of a Carnot cycle is given by:
ηmax = 1 – (Tc/Th)
where Th is the absolute temperature of the hot reservoir and Tc is the absolute temperature of the cold reservoir.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
The bending stress in a beam is:
a) The product of the axial force and the moment arm
b) The product of the normal stress and the moment of inertia
c) The product of the shear force and the distance from the section to the center of the beam
d) The product of the shear force and the moment arm
Answer: b) The product of the normal stress and the moment of inertia
Explanation: The bending stress in a beam is the product of the normal stress and the moment of inertia. It is given by:
σ = My/I
where M is the bending moment at the section, y is the distance from the section to the neutral axis of the beam, and I is the moment of inertia of the beam about its neutral axis.
Therefore, option b is the correct answer.
The Reynolds number is a dimensionless quantity that determines the type of flow in a fluid. It is defined as the ratio of:
a) Inertial forces to viscous forces
b) Viscous forces to inertial forces
c) Surface tension to viscous forces
d) Pressure forces to viscous forces
Answer: a) Inertial forces to viscous forces
Explanation: The Reynolds number is a dimensionless quantity that determines the type of flow in a fluid. It is defined as the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces in the fluid. A high Reynolds number indicates that inertial forces are dominant, and the flow is turbulent. A low Reynolds number indicates that viscous forces are dominant, and the flow is laminar.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
The efficiency of a centrifugal compressor is increased by:
a) Increasing the compressor pressure ratio
b) Decreasing the compressor speed
c) Increasing the specific speed of the compressor
d) Increasing the temperature of the inlet air
Answer: a) Increasing the compressor pressure ratio
Explanation: The efficiency of a centrifugal compressor is given by:
η = (Ht – Ha)/(Ht – Ha/s)
where Ht is the total head developed by the compressor, Ha is the static head at the compressor inlet, and Ha/s is the head loss due to skin friction and other losses.
The compressor pressure ratio (P2/P1) affects the compressor efficiency by determining the temperature and pressure of the air as it enters the diffuser. Increasing the compressor pressure ratio increases the temperature and pressure of the air, which increases the compressor efficiency.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
The specific speed of a positive displacement pump is defined as the speed of a geometrically similar pump that would deliver:
a) Unit flow rate against a unit head
b) Unit flow rate against a zero head
c) Zero flow rate with a zero efficiency
d) Maximum flow rate with a maximum efficiency
Answer: a) Unit flow rate against a unit head
Explanation: The specific speed of a positive displacement pump is defined as the speed of a geometrically similar pump that would deliver a unit flow rate against a unit head. It is a measure of the pump’s hydraulic performance and is used to compare the performance of different pumps.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
Which of the following is a method of reducing the noise level in a gear system?
a) Increasing the gear module
b) Decreasing the gear face width
c) Using a helical gear instead of a spur gear
d) Increasing the gear pitch angle
Answer: c) Using a helical gear instead of a spur gear
Explanation: Using a helical gear instead of a spur gear is a method of reducing the noise level in a gear system. The helical gear teeth are angled, which allows for smoother and quieter meshing between the gears.
Therefore, option c is the correct answer.
The volumetric efficiency of a reciprocating compressor is increased by:
a) Increasing the compressor speed
b) Decreasing the compressor clearance volume
c) Decreasing the inlet temperature
d) Increasing the compression ratio
Answer: b) Decreasing the compressor clearance volume
Explanation: The volumetric efficiency of a reciprocating compressor is given by:
ηv = (Vd – Vc)/Vd
where Vd is the displacement volume of the compressor and Vc is the clearance volume of the compressor.
Decreasing the compressor clearance volume increases the amount of gas that can be compressed per stroke, which increases the volumetric efficiency of the compressor.
Therefore, option b is the correct answer.
The efficiency of a Rankine cycle is increased by:
a) Decreasing the boiler pressure
b) Increasing the turbine inlet temperature
c) Increasing the condenser pressure
d) Increasing the pump work input
Answer: b) Increasing the turbine inlet temperature
Explanation: The efficiency of a Rankine cycle is given by:
η = Wnet / Qin
where Wnet is the net work output of the cycle, and Qin is the heat input to the cycle.
Increasing the turbine inlet temperature increases the amount of heat that is converted into work, which increases the net work output of the cycle and therefore increases the efficiency.
Therefore, option b is the correct answer.
The efficiency of a hydraulic pump is increased by:
a) Increasing the flow rate
b) Decreasing the pressure drop across the pump
c) Increasing the speed of the pump
d) Increasing the viscosity of the fluid
Answer: b) Decreasing the pressure drop across the pump
Explanation: The efficiency of a hydraulic pump is given by:
η = (Pout x Q) / (Pin x Q)
where Pout is the output pressure of the pump, Pin is the input pressure of the pump, and Q is the flow rate through the pump.
Decreasing the pressure drop across the pump increases the output pressure for a given input pressure and flow rate, which increases the efficiency of the pump.
Therefore, option b is the correct answer.
The frictional torque in a journal bearing is proportional to:
a) The viscosity of the lubricant
b) The square of the speed of the journal
c) The load on the bearing
d) The diameter of the journal
Answer: b) The square of the speed of the journal
Explanation: The frictional torque in a journal bearing is given by:
Tf = μWd
where μ is the coefficient of friction between the journal and the bearing, W is the load on the bearing, and d is the diameter of the journal.
The coefficient of friction and load on the bearing is independent of the speed of the journal. Therefore, the frictional torque is proportional to the square of the speed of the journal.
Therefore, option b is the correct answer.
The Poisson’s ratio of a material is defined as the ratio of:
a) The lateral strain to the longitudinal strain
b) The longitudinal strain to the lateral strain
c) The longitudinal stress to the lateral stress
d) The lateral stress to the longitudinal stress
Answer: a) The lateral strain to the longitudinal strain
Explanation: The Poisson’s ratio of a material is defined as the ratio of the lateral strain to the longitudinal strain when the material is subjected to an axial load. It is a measure of the material’s ability to withstand deformation under axial loading.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
The specific heat at constant pressure is:
a) The heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by one degree at constant pressure
b) The heat required to raise the temperature of a unit volume of a substance by one degree at constant pressure
c) The heat required to change the phase of a unit mass of a substance from solid to liquid at constant pressure
d) The heat required to change the phase of a unit mass of a substance from liquid to gas at constant pressure
Answer: a) The heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by one degree at constant pressure
Explanation: The specific heat at constant pressure is defined as the heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by one degree at constant pressure. It is denoted by Cp and is a measure of the energy required to increase the temperature of a substance.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
The efficiency of a thermodynamic cycle is always less than the:
a) 50%
b) 100%
c) The efficiency of a Carnot cycle operating between the same temperature limits
d) The efficiency of an ideal Rankine cycle
Answer: c) The efficiency of a Carnot cycle operating between the same temperature limits
Explanation: The efficiency of a thermodynamic cycle is given by:
η = (Wnet / Qin)
where Wnet is the net work output of the cycle, and Qin is the heat input to the cycle.
The efficiency of a Carnot cycle operating between the same temperature limits as the cycle is the maximum possible efficiency for any thermodynamic cycle.
Therefore, option c is the correct answer.
The frictional force acting on a flat belt drive is proportional to:
a) The tension in the tight side of the belt
b) The tension in the slack side of the belt
c) The coefficient of friction between the belt and the pulley
d) The radius of the pulley
Answer: c) The coefficient of friction between the belt and the pulley
Explanation: The frictional force acting on a flat belt drive is given by:
F = μT1
where μ is the coefficient of friction between the belt and the pulley, and T1 is the tension in the tight side of the belt.
Therefore, option c is the correct answer.
The critical speed of a shaft is:
a) The speed at which the shaft will fail due to fatigue
b) The speed at which the shaft will start to bend
c) The speed at which the shaft will start to vibrate violently
d) The speed at which the shaft will experience torsional vibrations
Answer: c) The speed at which the shaft will start to vibrate violently
Explanation: The critical speed of a shaft is the speed at which the natural frequency of the shaft coincides with the operating frequency, causing the shaft to vibrate violently. This can result in severe damage to the shaft and other components.
Therefore, option c is the correct answer.
The Rankine cycle is commonly used in:
a) Gas turbine power plants
b) Nuclear power plants
c) Diesel engines
d) Petrol engines
Answer: b) Nuclear power plants
Explanation: The Rankine cycle is commonly used in nuclear power plants to convert thermal energy into electrical energy. The cycle uses a working fluid, typically water, which is heated in a boiler by the heat generated from nuclear fission. The steam produced by the boiler is then expanded through a turbine, which drives a generator to produce electricity.
Therefore, option b is the correct answer.
The maximum shear stress in a shaft occurs at:
a) The center of the shaft
b) The surface of the shaft
c) One-third the radius from the center of the shaft
d) Two-thirds the radius from the center of the shaft
Answer: b) The surface of the shaft
Explanation: The maximum shear stress in a shaft occurs at the surface of the shaft, where the shear stress is equal to the torsional moment divided by the polar moment of inertia. The shear stress decreases linearly from the surface of the shaft to the center of the shaft.
Therefore, option b is the correct answer.
Which of the following statements is true about the coefficient of restitution?
a) It is a measure of the deformation of a material under load
b) It is a measure of the energy dissipated in a material during deformation
c) It is a measure of the energy lost during a collision between two objects
d) It is a measure of the energy required to break a material
Answer: c) It is a measure of the energy lost during a collision between two objects
Explanation: The coefficient of restitution is defined as the ratio of the final velocity to the initial velocity of a particle after a collision with a rigid surface. It is a measure of the energy lost during the collision and can vary from 0 to 1, with 1 representing a perfectly elastic collision and 0 representing a perfectly inelastic collision.
Therefore, option c is the correct answer.
Bernoulli’s equation applies to:
a) Incompressible fluids in a steady flow
b) Incompressible fluids in unsteady flow
c) Compressible fluids in a steady flow
d) Compressible fluids in unsteady flow
Answer: a) Incompressible fluids in a steady flow
Explanation: Bernoulli’s equation applies to incompressible fluids in a steady flow. It relates the pressure, velocity, and elevation of a fluid in a horizontal or vertical pipe.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
Which of the following is a method of reducing friction in a bearing?
a) Using a harder material for the bearing and shaft
b) Increasing the load on the bearing
c) Increasing the viscosity of the lubricant
d) Using a larger diameter shaft
Answer: c) Increasing the viscosity of the lubricant
Explanation: Increasing the viscosity of the lubricant is a method of reducing friction in a bearing. The lubricant creates a thin film between the bearing and the shaft, reducing friction and wear.
Therefore, option c is the correct answer.
The process of annealing is used to:
a) Increase the hardness of a material
b) Increase the ductility of a material
c) Decrease the ductility of a material
d) Decrease the corrosion resistance of a material
Answer: b) Increase the ductility of a material
Explanation: Annealing is a heat treatment process used to increase the ductility of a material. The material is heated to a specific temperature and then cooled slowly to allow for the reorganization of the material’s atomic structure, resulting in increased ductility and reduced hardness.
Therefore, option b is the correct answer.
Which of the following is not a type of heat exchanger?
a) Shell and tube heat exchanger
b) Plate heat exchanger
c) Cross-flow heat exchanger
d) Vapor-compression heat exchanger
Answer: d) Vapor-compression heat exchanger
Explanation: A vapor-compression heat exchanger is not a type of heat exchanger. It is a component of a refrigeration or air conditioning system used to transfer heat between the refrigerant and the surrounding air or water.
Therefore, option d is the correct answer.
The maximum shear stress theory is used to:
a) Determine the yield strength of a material
b) Determine the ultimate strength of a material
c) Determine the factor of safety for a material
d) Determine the failure criterion for a material
Answer: d) Determine the failure criterion for a material
Explanation: The maximum shear stress theory is a failure criterion used to predict the failure of a material under complex stress states. It states that failure occurs when the maximum shear stress in a material exceeds a critical value.
Therefore, option d is the correct answer.
Which of the following is a method of reducing the formation of corrosion in a metal?
a) Increasing the temperature of the metal
b) Increasing the concentration of oxygen in the surrounding environment
c) Applying a protective coating to the metal
d) Increasing the conductivity of the metal
Answer: c) Applying a protective coating to the metal
Explanation: Applying a protective coating to the metal is a method of reducing the formation of corrosion. The coating provides a barrier between the metal and the surrounding environment, preventing contact between the metal and corrosive agents.
Therefore, option c is the correct answer.
Which of the following is not a type of gear?
a) Spur gear
b) Bevel gear
c) Helical gear
d) Cogwheel gear
Answer: d) Cogwheel gear
Explanation: Cogwheel gear is not a type of gear. It may refer to a type of wheel used in a gear system, but it is not a type of gear in itself.
Therefore, option d is the correct answer.
Which of the following is a measure of a material’s resistance to deformation under load?
a) Hardness
b) Ductility
c) Toughness
d) Creep
Answer: a) Hardness
Explanation: Hardness is a measure of a material’s resistance to deformation under load. It is a measure of the material’s ability to resist indentation or scratching and is often used as an indicator of a material’s strength.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
The purpose of a centrifugal pump is to:
a) Generate high pressure
b) Generate a high flow rate
c) Generate high velocity
d) Generate high power
Answer: b) Generate a high flow rate
Explanation: The purpose of a centrifugal pump is to generate a high flow rate of the fluid. It works by converting the rotational energy from a motor or engine into kinetic energy in the fluid, which is then converted into pressure by the pump’s impeller.
Therefore, option b is the correct answer.
The coefficient of friction between two surfaces is:
a) The force required to maintain motion between the surfaces
b) The force required to start motion between the surfaces
c) The ratio of the normal force to the frictional force
d) The ratio of the frictional force to the normal force
Answer: d) The ratio of the frictional force to the normal force
Explanation: The coefficient of friction between two surfaces is defined as the ratio of the frictional force between the surfaces to the normal force pressing the surfaces together. It is a measure of the resistance to motion between the surfaces and depends on the nature of the materials and the surface roughness.
Therefore, option d is the correct answer.
Which of the following materials has the highest thermal conductivity?
a) Aluminum
b) Copper
c) Steel
d) Titanium
Answer: b) Copper
Explanation: Copper has the highest thermal conductivity of the materials listed, making it an excellent conductor of heat. This property makes it ideal for use in heat exchangers, electrical wiring, and other applications where heat transfer is important.
Therefore, option b is the correct answer.
Which of the following is not a type of stress?
a) Tensile stress
b) Compressive stress
c) Shear stress
d) Thermal stress
Answer: d) Thermal stress
Explanation: Thermal stress is not a type of stress, but rather a type of strain caused by changes in temperature. The three types of stress are tensile stress, compressive stress, and shear stress.
Therefore, option d is the correct answer.
Which of the following statements is true about a cantilever beam?
a) It is fixed at one end and free at the other end
b) It is free at both ends
c) It is fixed at both ends
d) It is fixed at one end and loaded at the other end
Answer: a) It is fixed at one end and free at the other end
Explanation: A cantilever beam is a type of beam that is fixed at one end and free at the other end. It is commonly used in construction and engineering applications.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
The ideal gas law relates which of the following variables?
a) Pressure, volume, and temperature
b) Mass, velocity, and temperature
c) Density, pressure, and temperature
d) Pressure, temperature, and entropy
Answer: a) Pressure, volume, and temperature
Explanation: The ideal gas law relates to the pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas. It is expressed as PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, T is temperature, n is the number of moles of gas, and R is the gas constant.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
The difference between the absolute pressure and the atmospheric pressure is called:
a) Atmospheric pressure
b) Gauge pressure
c) Vacuum pressure
d) Absolute pressure
Answer: b) Gauge pressure
Explanation: The difference between absolute pressure and atmospheric pressure is called gauge pressure. It is measured relative to atmospheric pressure, which is often used as a reference point in many engineering applications.
Therefore, option b is the correct answer.
The moment of inertia of a body depends on:
a) The shape of the body
b) The density of the body
c) The mass of the body
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: The moment of inertia of a body depends on its shape, density, and mass. It is a measure of the body’s resistance to rotational motion and is an important parameter in many engineering applications.
Therefore, option d is the correct answer.
Which of the following is not a type of stress-strain curve?
a) Elastic
b) Plastic
c) Creep
d) Fatigue
Answer: d) Fatigue
Explanation: Fatigue is not a type of stress-strain curve, but rather a type of failure caused by repeated loading and unloading of material. The three types of stress-strain curves are elastic, plastic, and creep.
Therefore, option d is the correct answer.
The coefficient of performance of a refrigeration system is defined as:
a) The ratio of the refrigeration effect to the compressor work
b) The ratio of the compressor work to the refrigeration effect
c) The ratio of the evaporator temperature to the condenser temperature
d) The ratio of the compressor temperature to the evaporator temperature
Answer: a) The ratio of the refrigeration effect to the compressor work
Explanation: The coefficient of performance of a refrigeration system is defined as the ratio of the refrigeration effect to the compressor work. It is a measure of the efficiency of the system and is often used to evaluate the performance of refrigeration systems.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
The coefficient of thermal expansion is a measure of:
a) The change in length of a material due to a change in temperature
b) The change in volume of a material due to a change in temperature
c) The change in density of a material due to a change in temperature
d) The change in the elasticity of a material due to a change in temperature
Answer: b) The change in volume of a material due to a change in temperature
Explanation: The coefficient of thermal expansion is a measure of the change in the volume of a material due to a change in temperature. It is defined as the fractional change in length or volume per unit change in temperature and is an important parameter in many engineering applications.
Therefore, option b is the correct answer.
Which of the following is a type of contact stress?
a) Tensile stress
b) Compressive stress
c) Shear stress
d) Hertzian stress
Answer: d) Hertzian stress
Explanation: Hertzian stress is a type of contact stress that occurs between two curved surfaces in contact with each other. It is named after Heinrich Hertz, who first described the phenomenon, and is an important parameter in many engineering applications, particularly in contact mechanics.
Therefore, option d is the correct answer.
The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as:
a) The ratio of the work output to the heat input
b) The ratio of the heat output to the work input
c) The ratio of the heat input to the work output
d) The ratio of the work input to the heat output
Answer: a) The ratio of the work output to the heat input
Explanation: The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the ratio of the work output to the heat input. It is a measure of the ability of the engine to convert thermal energy into useful work and is an important parameter in many engineering applications.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
The coefficient of restitution is a measure of:
a) The ratio of the momentum after a collision to the momentum before the collision
b) The ratio of the kinetic energy after a collision to the kinetic energy before the collision
c) The ratio of the velocity after a collision to the velocity before the collision
d) The ratio of the potential energy after a collision to the potential energy before the collision
Answer: b) The ratio of the kinetic energy after a collision to the kinetic energy before the collision
Explanation: The coefficient of restitution is a measure of the ratio of the kinetic energy after a collision to the kinetic energy before the collision. It is a parameter used to describe the nature of collisions between objects and is important in many engineering applications.
Therefore, option b is the correct answer.
The torque required to maintain a constant angular velocity of a rotating body is:
a) Directly proportional to the moment of inertia of the body
b) Inversely proportional to the moment of inertia of the body
c) Directly proportional to the angular velocity of the body
d) Inversely proportional to the angular velocity of the body
Answer: a) Directly proportional to the moment of inertia of the body
Explanation: The torque required to maintain a constant angular velocity of a rotating body is directly proportional to the moment of inertia of the body. This relationship is described by the equation T = Iα, where T is the torque, I is the moment of inertia, and α is the angular acceleration.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
Which of the following is not a type of bearing?
a) Plain bearing
b) Roller bearing
c) Ball bearing
d) Spiral bearing
Answer: d) Spiral bearing
Explanation: Spiral bearing is not a type of bearing. The three types of bearings are plain bearings, roller bearings, and ball bearings.
Therefore, option d is the correct answer.
Which of the following is not a type of heat transfer?
a) Conduction
b) Convection
c) Radiation
d) Absorption
Answer: d) Absorption
Explanation: Absorption is not a type of heat transfer. The three types of heat transfer are conduction, convection, and radiation.
Therefore, option d is the correct answer.
The Poisson’s ratio of a material is defined as:
a) The ratio of the longitudinal strain to the transverse strain
b) The ratio of the shear stress to the shear strain
c) The ratio of the shear modulus to the bulk modulus
d) The ratio of Young’s modulus to the shear modulus
Answer: a) The ratio of the longitudinal strain to the transverse strain
Explanation: The Poisson’s ratio of a material is defined as the ratio of the longitudinal strain to the transverse strain. It is an important parameter in many engineering applications and is used to describe the deformation of a material under load.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
Which of the following is not a type of gear?
a) Spur gear
b) Bevel gear
c) Helical gear
d) Rotary gear
Answer: d) Rotary gear
Explanation: Rotary gear is not a type of gear. The three types of gears are spur gears, bevel gears, and helical gears.
Therefore, option d is the correct answer.
The ratio of the actual mechanical advantage to the theoretical mechanical advantage is called:
a) Efficiency
b) Load factor
c) Friction factor
d) Efficiency factor
Answer: a) Efficiency
Explanation: The ratio of the actual mechanical advantage to the theoretical mechanical advantage is called efficiency. It is a measure of the effectiveness of a machine in transmitting mechanical power and is an important parameter in many engineering applications.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
The ideal fluid is:
a) Incompressible and nonviscous
b) Compressible and viscous
c) Incompressible and viscous
d) Compressible and nonviscous
Answer: a) Incompressible and nonviscous
Explanation: The ideal fluid is an imaginary fluid that is incompressible and nonviscous. This means that it has no internal friction and does not change the volume under pressure.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
Which of the following is not a type of machining process?
a) Drilling
b) Milling
c) Grinding
d) Welding
Answer: d) Welding
Explanation: Welding is not a type of machining process. The three types of machining processes are drilling, milling, and grinding.
Therefore, option d is the correct answer.
The modulus of rigidity is a measure of:
a) The resistance of a material to deformation under load
b) The ability of a material to store energy when deformed
c) The ability of a material to recover its original shape after deformation
d) The ability of a material to resist shear stress
Answer: d) The ability of a material to resist shear stress
Explanation: The modulus of rigidity is a measure of the ability of a material to resist shear stress. It is defined as the ratio of the shear stress to the shear strain and is an important parameter in many engineering applications.
Therefore, option d is the correct answer.
Which of the following is not a type of gear train?
a) Simple gear train
b) Compound gear train
c) Epicyclic gear train
d) Parallel gear train
Answer: d) Parallel gear train
Explanation: Parallel gear train is not a type of gear train. The three types of gear trains are simple gear trains, compound gear trains, and epicyclic gear trains.
Therefore, option d is the correct answer.
The specific heat of a substance is defined as:
a) The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of the substance by one degree Celsius
b) The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of the substance by one degree Celsius
c) The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one mole of the substance by one degree Celsius
d) The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one atom of the substance by one degree Celsius
Answer: b) The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of the substance by one degree Celsius
Explanation: The specific heat of a substance is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of the substance by one degree Celsius. It is an important parameter in many engineering applications and is used to describe the thermal properties of a material.
Therefore, option b is the correct answer.
The damping ratio of a system is defined as:
a) The ratio of the damping force to the displacement of the system
b) The ratio of the damping force to the velocity of the system
c) The ratio of the natural frequency of the system to the damping coefficient
d) The ratio of the damping coefficient to the mass of the system
Answer: b) The ratio of the damping force to the velocity of the system
Explanation: The damping ratio of a system is defined as the ratio of the damping force to the velocity of the system. It is an important parameter in many engineering applications, particularly in the analysis of mechanical vibrations.
Therefore, option b is the correct answer.
The coefficient of friction is a measure of:
a) The resistance of a surface to deformation
b) The resistance of a surface to wear
c) The resistance of a surface to move relative to another surface
d) The resistance of a surface to chemical attack
Answer: c) The resistance of a surface to move relative to another surface
Explanation: The coefficient of friction is a measure of the resistance of a surface to move relative to another surface. It is an important parameter in many engineering applications, particularly in the design of machines and mechanical systems.
Therefore, option c is the correct answer.
The bending stress in a beam is directly proportional to:
a) The bending moment and the moment of inertia of the beam
b) The bending moment and the length of the beam
c) The bending moment and the deflection of the beam
d) The length of the beam and the moment of inertia of the beam
Answer: a) The bending moment and the moment of inertia of the beam
Explanation: The bending stress in a beam is directly proportional to the bending moment and the moment of inertia of the beam. This relationship is described by the equation σ = My/I, where σ is the bending stress, M is the bending moment, y is the distance from the neutral axis to the outer fiber, and I is the moment of inertia.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
The Reynolds number is a dimensionless parameter used to describe:
a) The pressure drop in a pipe flow
b) The velocity profile in a pipe flow
c) The heat transfer coefficient in a pipe flow
d) The flow regime in a pipe flow
Answer: d) The flow regime in a pipe flow
Explanation: The Reynolds number is a dimensionless parameter used to describe the flow regime in a pipe flow. It is defined as the ratio of the inertial forces to the viscous forces in the fluid and is an important parameter in many engineering applications, particularly in fluid mechanics.
Therefore, option d is the correct answer.
Which of the following is not a type of valve?
a) Gate valve
b) Globe valve
c) Butterfly valve
d) Linear valve
Answer: d) Linear valve
Explanation: Linear valve is not a type of valve. The three types of valves are gate valves, globe valves, and butterfly valves.
Therefore, option d is the correct answer.
The angle between the velocity vector and the blade inlet of a turbine is known as:
a) Blade angle
b) Pitch angle
c) Rake angle
d) Skew angle
Answer: a) Blade angle
Explanation: The angle between the velocity vector and the blade inlet of a turbine is known as the blade angle. It is an important parameter in the design and operation of turbines and other rotating machinery.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
Which of the following is not a type of stress?
a) Tensile stress
b) Compressive stress
c) Shear stress
d) Torsional stress
Answer: d) Torsional stress
Explanation: Torsional stress is not a type of stress. The three types of stress are tensile stress, compressive stress, and shear stress.
Therefore, option d is the correct answer.
The coefficient of thermal expansion is defined as:
a) The ratio of the change in volume of a material to the change in temperature
b) The ratio of the change in length of a material to the change in temperature
c) The ratio of the change in the area of a material to the change in temperature
d) The ratio of the change in density of a material to the change in temperature
Answer: b) The ratio of the change in length of a material to the change in temperature
Explanation: The coefficient of thermal expansion is defined as the ratio of the change in length of a material to the change in temperature. It is an important parameter in many engineering applications and is used to describe the thermal properties of a material.
Therefore, option b is the correct answer.
Bernoulli’s equation is used to describe:
a) The conservation of energy in a fluid flow
b) The conservation of mass in a fluid flow
c) The conservation of momentum in a fluid flow
d) The conservation of temperature in a fluid flow
Answer: a) The conservation of energy in a fluid flow
Explanation: Bernoulli’s equation is used to describe the conservation of energy in a fluid flow. It is an important equation in fluid mechanics and is used to describe the behavior of fluids in a variety of engineering applications.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
The coefficient of restitution is defined as:
a) The ratio of the kinetic energy after a collision to the kinetic energy before the collision
b) The ratio of the velocity after a collision to the velocity before the collision
c) The ratio of the momentum after a collision to the momentum before the collision
d) The ratio of the force after a collision to the force before the collision
Answer: a) The ratio of the kinetic energy after a collision to the kinetic energy before the collision
Explanation: The coefficient of restitution is defined as the ratio of the kinetic energy after a collision to the kinetic energy before the collision. It is an important parameter in many engineering applications, particularly in the design of machines and mechanical systems.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
The efficiency of a machine is defined as:
a) The ratio of the output power to the input power
b) The ratio of the input power to the output power
c) The ratio of the work done to the power input
d) The ratio of the power input to the work done
Answer: a) The ratio of the output power to the input power
Explanation: The efficiency of a machine is defined as the ratio of the output power to the input power. It is an important parameter in many engineering applications, particularly in the design of machines and mechanical systems.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
Which of the following is not a type of welding?
a) Arc welding
b) Gas welding
c) Spot welding
d) Forging
Answer: d) Forging
Explanation: Forging is not a type of welding. The three types of welding are arc welding, gas welding, and spot welding.
Therefore, option d is the correct answer.
The coefficient of friction between two surfaces is dependent on:
a) The roughness of the surfaces
b) The temperature of the surfaces
c) The pressure between the surfaces
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: The coefficient of friction between two surfaces is dependent on the roughness of the surfaces, the temperature of the surfaces, and the pressure between the surfaces. It is an important parameter in many engineering applications, particularly in the design of machines and mechanical systems.
Therefore, option d is the correct answer.
Which of the following is not a type of bearing?
a) Roller bearing
b) Ball bearing
c) Plain bearing
d) Gear bearing
Answer: d) Gear bearing
Explanation: Gear bearing is not a type of bearing. The three types of bearings are roller bearings, ball bearings, and plain bearings.
Therefore, option d is the correct answer.
Which of the following materials has the highest thermal conductivity?
a) Copper
b) Aluminum
c) Steel
d) Brass
Answer: a) Copper
Explanation: Copper has the highest thermal conductivity of the materials listed. Thermal conductivity is an important property of materials and is used to describe their ability to conduct heat.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
The shear modulus is a measure of:
a) The ability of a material to withstand compressive stress
b) The ability of a material to withstand tensile stress
c) The ability of a material to resist deformation under shear stress
d) The ability of a material to store energy when deformed
Answer: c) The ability of a material to resist deformation under shear stress
Explanation: The shear modulus is a measure of the ability of a material to resist deformation under shear stress. It is an important parameter in many engineering applications, particularly in the analysis of mechanical vibrations.
Therefore, option c is the correct answer.
The pitch of a screw thread is defined as:
a) The distance between two adjacent threads
b) The angle between the thread helix and the axis of the screw
c) The ratio of the lead to the diameter of the screw
d) The distance traveled by the screw in one complete turn
Answer: a) The distance between two adjacent threads
Explanation: The pitch of a screw thread is defined as the distance between two adjacent threads. It is an important parameter in the design and analysis of screw threads.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.