108+ Electrical Engineering GATE, Quiz, MCQs With Explanations

Electrical Engineering Practice MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) Question And Answer.

What is the unit of electrical resistance?

a) Volt
b) Ohm
c) Ampere
d) Farad

Answer: b) Ohm

Explanation: The ohm is the SI unit of electrical resistance. It is defined as the amount of resistance that limits the flow of current in a circuit to one ampere when one volt of voltage is applied.

What is the purpose of a fuse in an electrical circuit?

a) To increase the voltage
b) To decrease the voltage
c) To limit current
d) To increase current

Answer: c) To limit current

Explanation: A fuse is a protective device that is used to limit the amount of current flowing in an electrical circuit. It consists of a metal wire or filament that melts when the current exceeds a certain level, thereby breaking the circuit and preventing damage to the components.

What is the difference between an AC and a DC circuit?

a) AC circuits have a constant voltage while DC circuits have a variable voltage.
b) AC circuits have a variable voltage while DC circuits have a constant voltage.
c) AC circuits have a constant current while DC circuits have a variable current.
d) AC circuits have a variable current while DC circuits have a constant current.

Answer: b) AC circuits have a variable voltage while DC circuits have a constant voltage.

Explanation: In an AC circuit, the voltage and current change direction periodically, while in a DC circuit, the voltage and current flow in only one direction. AC circuits are commonly used for power transmission and distribution, while DC circuits are commonly used in electronic devices and for power supplies.

What is the purpose of a capacitor in an electrical circuit?

a) To store electrical charge
b) To limit current
c) To increase the voltage
d) To decrease the voltage

Answer: a) To store electrical charge

Explanation: A capacitor is an electrical component that stores electrical charge and energy. It consists of two conducting plates separated by an insulating material and is commonly used in electronic circuits for filtering, timing, and voltage regulation.

What is the difference between a conductor and an insulator?

a) Conductors allow an electric current to flow easily while insulators do not.
b) Insulators allow an electric current to flow easily while conductors do not.
c) Conductors have a high resistance while insulators have a low resistance.
d) Insulators have a high resistance while conductors have a low resistance.

Answer: a) Conductors allow an electric current to flow easily while insulators do not.

Explanation: Conductors are materials that have a low resistance to the flow of electric current, while insulators have high resistance. Conductors are commonly used for wiring and in electronic components, while insulators are used for insulation and to prevent current leakage.

What is the purpose of a transistor in an electrical circuit?

a) To amplify signals
b) To limit current
c) To store electrical charge
d) To decrease the voltage

Answer: a) To amplify signals

Explanation: A transistor is a semiconductor device that can be used to amplify signals and control the flow of current in an electrical circuit. It consists of three layers of semiconductor material and is commonly used in electronic circuits for switching amplification, and voltage regulation.

What is the difference between a voltage source and a current source?

a) A voltage source supplies a constant current while a current source supplies a constant voltage.
b) A voltage source supplies a constant voltage while a current source supplies a constant current.
c) A voltage source supplies a varying voltage while a current source supplies a varying current.
d) A voltage source supplies a varying current while a current source supplies a varying voltage.

Answer: b) A voltage source supplies a constant voltage while a current source supplies a constant current.

Explanation: A voltage source is a device that provides a constant voltage output, while a current source is a device that provides a constant current output. Voltage sources are commonly used in electronic circuits for powering components and voltage regulation, while current sources are used in specialized applications such as laser diode drivers.

What is the difference between a motor and a generator?

a) A motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy, while a generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
b) A motor converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, while a generator converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
c) A motor and a generator are the same things.
d) A motor and a generator cannot be compared.

Answer: a) A motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy, while a generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.

Explanation: A motor is an electrical device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy, while a generator is a mechanical device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. Both devices operate on the principle of electromagnetic induction and are commonly used in power generation and industrial applications.

What is the purpose of an inductor in an electrical circuit?

a) To store electrical charge
b) To limit current
c) To increase the voltage
d) To decrease the voltage

Answer: b) To limit current

Explanation: An inductor is an electrical component that stores energy in a magnetic field. It is commonly used in electronic circuits to limit the flow of current and to smooth out voltage fluctuations. Inductors are also used in power supplies and filtering applications.

What is the difference between a fuse and a circuit breaker?

a) A fuse is reusable while a circuit breaker is not.
b) A circuit breaker is reusable while a fuse is not.
c) A fuse is mechanical while a circuit breaker is electronic.
d) A circuit breaker is mechanical while a fuse is electronic.

Answer: b) A circuit breaker is reusable while a fuse is not.

Explanation: A fuse and a circuit breaker are both protective devices that are used to limit the flow of current in an electrical circuit. A fuse consists of a metal wire or filament that melts when the current exceeds a certain level, while a circuit breaker is an electronic device that trips a switch when the current exceeds a certain level. Circuit breakers are reusable and can be reset manually or automatically, while fuses need to be replaced once they have blown.

What is the purpose of a rectifier in an electrical circuit?

a) To convert AC to DC
b) To convert DC to AC
c) To increase the voltage
d) To store electrical energy

Answer: a) To convert AC to DC

Explanation: A rectifier is an electronic device that is used to convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). It is commonly used in power supplies and electronic devices to convert AC voltage to DC voltage for powering the components.

What is the difference between an open circuit and a short circuit?

a) An open circuit has a high resistance while a short circuit has a low resistance.
b) An open circuit has a low resistance while a short circuit has a high resistance.
c) An open circuit has a broken or disconnected path while a short circuit has an unintended connection.
d) An open circuit has an intended connection while a short circuit has an unintended connection.

Answer: c) An open circuit has a broken or disconnected path while a short circuit has an unintended connection.

Explanation: An open circuit is a circuit that has a broken or disconnected path, which prevents current flow. A short circuit is a circuit that has an unintended connection between two points, which allows current to flow without going through the intended components. Both conditions can cause circuit malfunction or damage to the components.

What is the difference between an analog signal and a digital signal?

a) An analog signal is continuous while a digital signal is discrete.
b) An analog signal is discrete while a digital signal is continuous.
c) An analog signal is one-dimensional while a digital signal is two-dimensional.
d) An analog signal is two-dimensional while a digital signal is one-dimensional.

Answer: a) An analog signal is continuous while a digital signal is discrete.

Explanation: An analog signal is a continuous waveform that varies over time, while a digital signal is a discrete waveform that consists of a series of on/off states. Analog signals are commonly used in audio and video applications, while digital signals are commonly used in computers, telecommunications, and control systems.

What is the difference between a synchronous motor and an induction motor?

a) A synchronous motor operates at a constant speed while an induction motor operates at a variable speed.
b) A synchronous motor operates at a variable speed while an induction motor operates at a constant speed.
c) A synchronous motor requires a DC power supply while an induction motor operates on AC power.
d) A synchronous motor and an induction motor are the same things.

Answer: a) A synchronous motor operates at a constant speed while an induction motor operates at a variable speed.

Explanation: A synchronous motor is a motor that operates at a constant speed that is synchronized with the frequency of the AC power supply. It is commonly used in applications that require precise speed control, such as electric clocks and industrial machinery. An induction motor is a motor that operates at a variable speed that is determined by the load on the motor. It is commonly used in applications that require high torque and low speed, such as pumps and conveyors.

What is the purpose of a capacitor in a power supply circuit?

a) To store electrical charge
b) To limit current
c) To increase the voltage
d) To decrease the voltage

Answer: a) To store electrical charge

Explanation: A capacitor is an electrical component that can store electrical charge and energy. In a power supply circuit, a capacitor is commonly used to smooth out voltage fluctuations and to provide a stable output voltage. It is also used in timing circuits and filtering applications.

What is the purpose of a thyristor in an electrical circuit?

a) To amplify signals
b) To limit current
c) To store electrical charge
d) To switch high power loads

Answer: d) To switch high-power loads

Explanation: A thyristor is a semiconductor device that can be used to switch high power loads in electrical circuits. It operates on the principle of latching, and once it is triggered, it will remain in the on state until the current flowing through it is reduced to zero. Thyristors are commonly used in power control and switching applications.

What is the difference between a primary cell and a secondary cell?

a) A primary cell is rechargeable while a secondary cell is not.
b) A primary cell is not rechargeable while a secondary cell is rechargeable.
c) A primary cell and a secondary cell are the same things.
d) A primary cell and a secondary cell cannot be compared.

Answer: b) A primary cell is not rechargeable while a secondary cell is rechargeable.

Explanation: A primary cell is a battery that cannot be recharged, and once it is depleted, it must be replaced. A secondary cell is a rechargeable battery that can be recharged multiple times before it needs to be replaced. Examples of primary cells include alkaline batteries, while examples of secondary cells include lead-acid batteries and lithium-ion batteries.

What is the purpose of a voltage regulator in an electrical circuit?

a) To store electrical charge
b) To limit current
c) To increase the voltage
d) To maintain a constant voltage

Answer: d) To maintain a constant voltage

Explanation: A voltage regulator is an electronic device that is used to maintain a constant output voltage in an electrical circuit, despite changes in input voltage or load. It is commonly used in power supplies and electronic devices to provide a stable voltage to the components.

What is the difference between a bipolar transistor and a field-effect transistor (FET)?

a) A bipolar transistor is a current-controlled device while a FET is a voltage-controlled device.
b) An FET is a current-controlled device while a bipolar transistor is a voltage-controlled device.
c) A bipolar transistor and a FET are the same things.
d) A bipolar transistor and a FET cannot be compared.

Answer: a) A bipolar transistor is a current-controlled device while a FET is a voltage-controlled device.

Explanation: A bipolar transistor is a type of transistor that is controlled by the flow of current through its base, while a FET is a type of transistor that is controlled by the voltage applied to its gate. Both types of transistors are commonly used in electronic circuits for amplification and switching.

What is the difference between a delta connection and a star connection in a three-phase electrical system?

a) A delta connection has a higher voltage while a star connection has a lower voltage.
b) A star connection has a higher voltage while a delta connection has a lower voltage.
c) A delta connection has a higher current while a star connection has a lower current.
d) A star connection has a higher current while a delta connection has a lower current.

Answer: c) A delta connection has a higher current while a star connection has a lower current.

Explanation: In a three-phase electrical system, a delta connection consists of three-phase conductors connected in a triangle, while a star connection consists of three-phase conductors connected to a common point. A delta connection has a higher current than a star connection for the same voltage but can handle higher power loads. A star connection has a lower current and is commonly used in low-power applications.

What is the difference between a single-phase and a three-phase electrical system?

a) A single-phase system has one conductor while a three-phase system has three conductors.
b) A single-phase system has a constant voltage while a three-phase system has a variable voltage.
c) A single-phase system and a three-phase system are the same things.
d) A single-phase system and a three-phase system cannot be compared.

Answer: a) A single-phase system has one conductor while a three-phase system has three conductors.

Explanation: A single-phase electrical system consists of one conductor for each phase, while a three-phase electrical system consists of three conductors for each phase. Three-phase systems are commonly used in power generation and distribution, while single-phase systems are commonly used in residential and light commercial applications.

What is the purpose of a diode in an electrical circuit?

a) To amplify signals
b) To limit current
c) To store electrical charge
d) To rectify current

Answer: d) To rectify current

Explanation: A diode is an electronic device that can be used to rectify current in an electrical circuit. It allows current to flow in one direction while blocking current in the opposite direction. Diodes are commonly used in power supplies and electronic circuits for rectification, voltage regulation, and protection.

What is the difference between an active component and a passive component in an electrical circuit?

a) An active component provides energy to a circuit while a passive component does not.
b) A passive component provides energy to a circuit while an active component does not.
c) An active component can amplify signals while a passive component cannot.
d) A passive component can amplify signals while an active component cannot.

Answer: a) An active component provides energy to a circuit while a passive component does not.

Explanation: An active component is an electronic component that can provide energy to a circuit, such as a transistor or an operational amplifier. A passive component is an electronic component that does not provide energy to a circuit, such as a resistor or a capacitor. Active components can amplify signals and perform other signal-processing functions, while passive components are used for filtering, timing, and energy storage.

What is the purpose of a transformer in an electrical circuit?

a) To convert AC to DC
b) To convert DC to AC
c) To increase the voltage
d) To decrease the voltage

Answer: c) To increase the voltage

Explanation: A transformer is an electrical device that is used to increase or decrease the voltage in an AC electrical circuit. It consists of two coils of wire wrapped around a common magnetic core and operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction. Transformers are commonly used in power transmission and distribution and in electronic devices for voltage regulation and isolation.

What is the difference between an insulator and a dielectric?

a) Insulators are used for electrical insulation while dielectrics are used for mechanical insulation.
b) Insulators have high resistance while dielectrics have low resistance.
c) Insulators and dielectrics are the same things.
d) Insulators and dielectrics cannot be compared.

Answer: a) Insulators are used for electrical insulation while dielectrics are used for mechanical insulation.

Explanation: An insulator is a material that has high resistance to the flow of electric current and is commonly used for electrical insulation and to prevent current leakage. A dielectric is a material that can store energy in an electric field and is commonly used for mechanical insulation and to store energy in capacitors.

What is the difference between an AC motor and a DC motor?

a) An AC motor operates on AC power while a DC motor operates on DC power.
b) An AC motor operates at a variable speed while a DC motor operates at a constant speed.
c) An AC motor and a DC motor are the same things.
d) An AC motor and a DC motor cannot be compared.

Answer: a) An AC motor operates on AC power while a DC motor operates on DC power.

Explanation: An AC motor is a motor that operates on alternating current (AC) power, while a DC motor is a motor that operates on direct current (DC) power. AC motors are commonly used in industrial applications, while DC motors are commonly used in automotive, robotics, and electronic applications.

What is the difference between an open-loop control system and a closed-loop control system?

a) An open-loop control system has no feedback while a closed-loop control system has feedback.
b) An open-loop control system has feedback while a closed-loop control system has no feedback.
c) An open-loop control system and a closed-loop control system are the same things.
d) An open-loop control system and a closed-loop control system cannot be compared.

Answer: a) An open-loop control system has no feedback while a closed-loop control system has feedback.

Explanation: An open-loop control system is a control system that does not use feedback to adjust the control output, while a closed-loop control system is a control system that uses feedback to adjust the control output. Closed-loop systems are more accurate and responsive than open-loop systems and are commonly used in industrial automation and control.

What is the difference between a synchronous generator and an asynchronous generator?

a) A synchronous generator operates at a constant speed while an asynchronous generator operates at a variable speed.
b) An asynchronous generator operates at a constant speed while a synchronous generator operates at a variable speed.
c) A synchronous generator requires a DC power supply while an asynchronous generator operates on AC power.
d) A synchronous generator and an asynchronous generator are the same things.

Answer: a) A synchronous generator operates at a constant speed while an asynchronous generator operates at a variable speed.

Explanation: A synchronous generator is a generator that operates at a constant speed that is synchronized with the frequency of the AC power supply. It is commonly used in power generation and industrial applications that require precise speed control. An asynchronous generator is a generator that operates at a variable speed that is determined by the load on the generator. It is commonly used in renewable energy applications, such as wind and hydroelectric power.

What is the difference between a series circuit and a parallel circuit?

a) A series circuit has components connected in a line while a parallel circuit has components connected in a loop.
b) A series circuit has components connected in a loop while a parallel circuit has components connected in a line.
c) A series circuit and a parallel circuit are the same things.
d) A series circuit and a parallel circuit cannot be compared.

Answer: a) A series circuit has components connected in a line while a parallel circuit has components connected in a loop.

Explanation: In a series circuit, the components are connected in a line, so that the current flows through each component in turn. In a parallel circuit, the components are connected in a loop, so that the current can flow through multiple paths. Series circuits are commonly used in lighting and electrical heating applications, while parallel circuits are commonly used in power distribution and electronic circuits.

What is the purpose of a frequency converter in an electrical system?

a) To convert DC to AC
b) To convert AC to DC
c) To increase the voltage
d) To change the frequency of AC power

Answer: d) To change the frequency of AC power

Explanation: A frequency converter is an electronic device that is used to change the frequency of AC power in an electrical system. It is commonly used in industrial applications where the frequency of the power supply needs to be adjusted to match the requirements of the equipment. Frequency converters are also used in renewable energy applications to convert the variable frequency output of wind turbines and solar panels to a fixed frequency for grid connection.

What is the difference between a potentiometer and a rheostat?

a) A potentiometer is a variable resistor with three terminals while a rheostat is a variable resistor with two terminals.
b) A rheostat is a variable resistor with three terminals while a potentiometer is a variable resistor with two terminals.
c) A potentiometer and a rheostat are the same things.
d) A potentiometer and a rheostat cannot be compared.

Answer: a) A potentiometer is a variable resistor with three terminals while a rheostat is a variable resistor with two terminals.

Explanation: A potentiometer is a type of variable resistor with three terminals, which is commonly used in electronic circuits for volume and tone control. A rheostat is a type of variable resistor with two terminals, which is commonly used in electrical circuits for current control and heating.

What is the difference between a direct ground and an indirect ground in an electrical system?

a) A direct ground is a connection to the earth while an indirect ground is a connection to a conductor that is connected to the earth.
b) An indirect ground is a connection to the earth while a direct ground is a connection to a conductor that is connected to the earth.
c) A direct ground and an indirect ground are the same things.
d) A direct ground and an indirect ground cannot be compared.

Answer: a) A direct ground is a connection to the earth while an indirect ground is a connection to a conductor that is connected to the earth.

Explanation: A direct ground is a connection to the earth, which is commonly used in electrical systems for safety and to provide a reference voltage. An indirect ground is a connection to a conductor that is connected to the earth, which is commonly used in electronic circuits to provide a low-impedance path for noise and interference.

What is the purpose of a surge protector in an electrical system?

a) To convert AC to DC
b) To convert DC to AC
c) To increase the voltage
d) To protect electrical equipment from voltage surges

Answer: d) To protect electrical equipment from voltage surges

Explanation: A surge protector is an electrical device that is used to protect electrical equipment from voltage surges, which can be caused by lightning, power grid fluctuations, and other factors. It works by diverting excess voltage to the ground, which helps to prevent damage to the equipment. Surge protectors are commonly used in electronic devices, power strips, and electrical panels.

What is the difference between an electromagnet and a permanent magnet?

a) An electromagnet is a magnet that is always magnetized while a permanent magnet can be magnetized and demagnetized.
b) An electromagnet is a magnet that is magnetized by an electric current while a permanent magnet is always magnetized.
c) An electromagnet and a permanent magnet are the same things.
d) An electromagnet and a permanent magnet cannot be compared.

Answer: b) An electromagnet is a magnet that is magnetized by an electric current while a permanent magnet is always magnetized.

Explanation: An electromagnet is a magnet that is magnetized by an electric current, and can be turned on and off as needed. It is commonly used in electric motors, generators, and other electrical devices. A permanent magnet is a magnet that is always magnetized and does not require an electric current and is commonly used in electronic devices, such as speakers and hard drives.

What is the purpose of a rectifier in an electrical circuit?

a) To convert AC to DC
b) To convert DC to AC
c) To increase the voltage
d) To regulate current

Answer: a) To convert AC to DC

Explanation: A rectifier is an electronic device that is used to convert AC (alternating current) to DC (direct current) in an electrical circuit. It allows current to flow in one direction only and is commonly used in power supplies and electronic devices to provide a DC voltage to the components.

What is the difference between an inductor and a capacitor?

a) An inductor stores electrical charge while a capacitor stores electrical energy.
b) An inductor stores electrical energy while a capacitor stores electrical charge.
c) An inductor and a capacitor are the same things.
d) An inductor and a capacitor cannot be compared.

Answer: b) An inductor stores electrical energy while a capacitor stores electrical charge.

Explanation: An inductor is an electrical component that stores electrical energy in a magnetic field, and is commonly used in electrical circuits for filtering and energy storage. A capacitor is an electrical component that stores electrical charge in an electric field and is commonly used in electrical circuits for filtering, timing, and energy storage.

What is the purpose of a transistor in an electrical circuit?

a) To amplify signals
b) To limit current
c) To store electrical charge
d) To switch high power loads

Answer: a) To amplify signals

Explanation: A transistor is an electronic device that can be used to amplify signals in an electrical circuit. It is commonly used in electronic circuits for amplification and switching and comes in a variety of types, such as bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) and field-effect transistors (FETs).

What is the difference between a diode and a transistor?

a) A diode is a two-terminal device while a transistor is a three-terminal device.
b) A transistor is a two-terminal device while a diode is a three-terminal device.
c) A diode and a transistor are the same things.
d) A diode and a transistor cannot be compared.

Answer: a) A diode is a two-terminal device while a transistor is a three-terminal device.

Explanation: A diode is an electronic component that allows current to flow in one direction only, and is commonly used in electronic circuits for rectification and switching. A transistor is an electronic device that can be used for amplification, switching, and voltage regulation, and has three terminals: the emitter, base, and collector.

What is the difference between a brushless DC motor and a brushed DC motor?

a) A brushless DC motor has no brushes while a brushed DC motor has brushes.
b) A brushed DC motor has no brushes while a brushless DC motor has brushes.
c) A brushless DC motor and a brushed DC motor are the same things.
d) A brushless DC motor and a brushed DC motor cannot be compared.

Answer: a) A brushless DC motor has no brushes while a brushed DC motor has brushes.

Explanation: A brushless DC motor is a motor that operates using electronic commutation instead of mechanical brushes, and is commonly used in industrial and automotive applications for its reliability and efficiency. A brushed DC motor is a motor that uses mechanical brushes to conduct electrical current and is commonly used in low-power applications, such as toys and small appliances.

What is the purpose of an oscillator in an electronic circuit?

a) To amplify signals
b) To regulate voltage
c) To generate a continuous waveform
d) To switch high power loads

Answer: c) To generate a continuous waveform

Explanation: An oscillator is an electronic circuit that generates a continuous waveform at a specific frequency, and is commonly used in electronic devices, such as radios, TVs, and computers. It can generate a variety of waveforms, such as sine, square, and triangle waves, and is used for timing, frequency control, and signal generation.

What is the difference between a voltage regulator and a voltage divider?

a) A voltage regulator maintains a constant output voltage while a voltage divider divides the input voltage.
b) A voltage divider maintains a constant output voltage while a voltage regulator divides the input voltage.
c) A voltage regulator and a voltage divider are the same things.
d) A voltage regulator and a voltage divider cannot be compared.

Answer: a) A voltage regulator maintains a constant output voltage while a voltage divider divides the input voltage.

Explanation: A voltage regulator is an electronic circuit that maintains a constant output voltage regardless of the input voltage or load, and is commonly used in power supplies and electronic devices. A voltage divider is an electronic circuit that divides the input voltage into two or more output voltages and is commonly used in electronic circuits for signal scaling and voltage monitoring.

What is the difference between a fuse and a circuit breaker?

a) A fuse is a mechanical device while a circuit breaker is an electronic device.
b) A circuit breaker is a mechanical device while a fuse is an electronic device.
c) A fuse and a circuit breaker are the same things.
d) A fuse and a circuit breaker cannot be compared.

Answer: b) A circuit breaker is a mechanical device while a fuse is an electronic device.

Explanation: A fuse is an electronic device that is used to protect an electrical circuit from overcurrent by melting and opening the circuit when the current exceeds a certain level. A circuit breaker is a mechanical device that also protects an electrical circuit from overcurrent, but works by tripping a switch when the current exceeds a certain level.

What is the difference between a watt and a volt-ampere?

a) A watt is a measure of power while a volt-ampere is a measure of voltage.
b) A watt is a measure of energy while a volt-ampere is a measure of current.
c) A watt and a volt-ampere are the same things.
d) A watt and a volt-ampere cannot be compared.

Answer: a) A watt is a measure of power while a volt-ampere is a measure of voltage.

Explanation: A watt is a unit of power, which is the rate at which energy is transferred or work is done, and is commonly used to measure the power of electrical devices. A volt-ampere is a unit of apparent power, which is the product of voltage and current and is commonly used in electrical systems to measure the power that is available but not necessarily being used.

What is the difference between an AC motor and a DC motor?

a) An AC motor is powered by AC voltage while a DC motor is powered by DC voltage.
b) A DC motor is powered by AC voltage while an AC motor is powered by DC voltage.
c) An AC motor and a DC motor are the same things.
d) An AC motor and a DC motor cannot be compared.

Answer: a) An AC motor is powered by AC voltage while a DC motor is powered by DC voltage.

Explanation: An AC motor is a motor that is powered by AC voltage, and is commonly used in industrial and commercial applications for its reliability and efficiency. A DC motor is a motor that is powered by DC voltage and is commonly used in automotive and robotics applications for its precise control and low noise.

What is the purpose of a relay in an electrical circuit?

a) To amplify signals
b) To switch high-power loads
c) To regulate voltage
d) To measure current

Answer: b) To switch high-power loads

Explanation: A relay is an electrical device that is used to switch high-power loads using a low-power control signal, and is commonly used in industrial and automation applications. It works by using an electromagnet to open or close a set of contacts, which allows current to flow through the circuit.

What is the difference between a microprocessor and a microcontroller?

a) A microprocessor is a device that can only execute software while a microcontroller is a device that can both execute software and control hardware.
b) A microcontroller is a device that can only execute software while a microprocessor is a device that can both execute software and control hardware.
c) A microprocessor and a microcontroller are the same things.
d) A microprocessor and a microcontroller cannot be compared.

Answer: b) A microcontroller is a device that can only execute software while a microprocessor is a device that can both execute software and control hardware.

Explanation: A microprocessor is a general-purpose computing device that can execute software and process data, and is commonly used in computers and other electronic devices. A microcontroller is a specialized computing device that is designed to execute a specific program and control hardware and is commonly used in embedded systems and automation applications.

What is the difference between a photodiode and a phototransistor?

a) A photodiode is a two-terminal device while a phototransistor is a three-terminal device.
b) A phototransistor is a two-terminal device while a photodiode is a three-terminal device.
c) A photodiode and a phototransistor are the same things.
d) A photodiode and a phototransistor cannot be compared.

Answer: b) A phototransistor is a two-terminal device while a photodiode is a three-terminal device.

Explanation: A photodiode is a two-terminal electronic component that converts light into an electrical current, and is commonly used in electronic circuits for light sensing and detection. A phototransistor is a two-terminal electronic device that amplifies the electrical current produced by a photodiode and is commonly used in electronic circuits for higher sensitivity and gain.

What is the purpose of a capacitor in an electrical circuit?

a) To store electrical energy
b) To regulate voltage
c) To amplify signals
d) To switch high power loads

Answer: a) To store electrical energy

Explanation: A capacitor is an electronic component that stores electrical energy in an electric field, and is commonly used in electronic circuits for energy storage, filtering, and timing. It can also be used to smooth out voltage fluctuations and provide a temporary power source.

What is the difference between an AC and a DC power supply?

a) An AC power supply provides AC voltage while a DC power supply provides DC voltage.
b) A DC power supply provides AC voltage while an AC power supply provides DC voltage.
c) An AC power supply and a DC power supply are the same things.
d) An AC power supply and a DC power supply cannot be compared.

Answer: a) An AC power supply provides AC voltage while a DC power supply provides DC voltage.

Explanation: An AC power supply is a device that provides AC voltage to an electrical circuit, and is commonly used in households and commercial buildings for powering appliances and lighting. A DC power supply is a device that provides DC voltage to an electrical circuit and is commonly used in electronic devices for powering components and charging batteries.

What is the difference between a synchronous motor and an induction motor?

a) A synchronous motor has a fixed speed while an induction motor has a variable speed.
b) An induction motor has a fixed speed while a synchronous motor has a variable speed.
c) A synchronous motor and an induction motor are the same things.
d) A synchronous motor and an induction motor cannot be compared.

Answer: a) A synchronous motor has a fixed speed while an induction motor has a variable speed.

Explanation: A synchronous motor is a motor that operates at a fixed speed that is synchronized with the frequency of the AC power supply, and is commonly used in industrial and commercial applications for its efficiency and reliability. An induction motor is a motor that operates at a variable speed based on the load and input voltage and is commonly used in household and small industrial applications for its simplicity and low cost.

What is the difference between an op-amp and a comparator?

a) An op-amp amplifies signals while a comparator compares signals.
b) A comparator amplifies signals while an op-amp compares signals.
c) An op-amp and a comparator are the same things.
d) An op-amp and a comparator cannot be compared.

Answer: a) An op-amp amplifies signals while a comparator compares signals.

Explanation: An op-amp is an electronic component that amplifies the voltage difference between its input terminals, and is commonly used in electronic circuits for amplification, filtering, and signal processing. A comparator is an electronic component that compares the voltage levels of its two input terminals and outputs a binary signal indicating which input is higher and is commonly used in electronic circuits for decision-making and control.

What is the purpose of a flyback diode in an electrical circuit?

a) To prevent voltage spikes
b) To regulate voltage
c) To amplify signals
d) To switch high power loads

Answer: a) To prevent voltage spikes

Explanation: A flyback diode is an electronic component that is used to prevent voltage spikes that can occur when an inductive load, such as a motor or relay, is turned off. It works by providing a path for the current to flow in the opposite direction, which prevents the voltage from reaching levels that could damage the circuit.

What is the difference between an inverter and a rectifier?

a) An inverter converts DC to AC while a rectifier converts AC to DC.
b) A rectifier converts DC to AC while an inverter converts AC to DC.
c) An inverter and a rectifier are the same things.
d) An inverter and a rectifier cannot be compared.

Answer: a) An inverter converts DC to AC while a rectifier converts AC to DC.

Explanation: An inverter is an electronic device that converts DC voltage to AC voltage, and is commonly used in electronic circuits for powering AC devices using a DC power source. A rectifier is an electronic device that converts AC voltage to DC voltage and is commonly used in electronic circuits for converting AC power to DC power for charging batteries and powering electronic devices.

What is the purpose of a transistor in an electronic circuit?

a) To store electrical energy
b) To regulate voltage
c) To amplify signals
d) To switch high power loads

Answer: c) To amplify signals

Explanation: A transistor is an electronic device that is used to amplify and control the flow of electrical current in a circuit, and is commonly used in electronic devices for signal amplification, switching, and voltage regulation. It can also be used in power amplifiers and digital circuits.

What is Ohm’s Law?

a) The current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points.
b) The voltage across a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the current through the conductor.
c) The resistance of a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage across the conductor.
d) The power dissipated in a conductor is directly proportional to the current through the conductor.

Answer: b) The voltage across a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the current through the conductor.

Explanation: Ohm’s Law states that the voltage across a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the current through the conductor, given a constant temperature and other physical conditions. This law is often used in electrical engineering to calculate the voltage, current, or resistance of a circuit.

What is a diode?

a) An electronic device that stores electrical energy.
b) An electronic device that regulates the voltage.
c) An electronic device that amplifies signals.
d) An electronic device that allows current to flow in one direction only.

Answer: d) An electronic device that allows current to flow in one direction only.

Explanation: A diode is an electronic device that allows current to flow in one direction only and blocks current in the opposite direction. It is commonly used in electronic circuits for rectification, voltage regulation, and signal demodulation.

What is an AC circuit?

a) A circuit that uses direct current (DC) voltage.
b) A circuit that uses alternating current (AC) voltage.
c) A circuit that uses both direct and alternating current voltage.
d) A circuit that does not use voltage.

Answer: b) A circuit that uses alternating current (AC) voltage.

Explanation: An AC circuit is a circuit that uses alternating current (AC) voltage, which means the direction of the current changes periodically. This is in contrast to a DC circuit, which uses direct current (DC) voltage that flows in only one direction.

What is a transformer?

a) An electronic device that converts AC voltage to DC voltage.
b) An electronic device that converts DC voltage to AC voltage.
c) An electronic device that changes the voltage of an AC power supply.
d) An electronic device that amplifies signals.

Answer: c) An electronic device that changes the voltage of an AC power supply.

Explanation: A transformer is an electronic device that changes the voltage of an AC power supply by using two coils of wire wrapped around a magnetic core. The primary coil is connected to the power supply, and the secondary coil is connected to the load. The transformer works by inducing a voltage in the secondary coil based on the ratio of turns in the two coils.

What is a capacitor?

Answer: a) An electronic device that stores electrical energy.

Explanation: A capacitor is an electronic device that stores electrical energy in an electric field between two conductive plates separated by an insulating material. It is commonly used in electronic circuits for filtering, smoothing, and energy storage.

What is a transistor?

a) An electronic device that allows current to flow in one direction only.
b) An electronic device that stores electrical energy.
c) An electronic device that amplifies signals.
d) An electronic device that regulates the voltage.

Answer: c) An electronic device that amplifies signals.

Explanation: A transistor is an electronic device that can be used for the amplification or switching of electronic signals. It consists of three layers of semiconductor material and can be configured as either an NPN or PNP transistor.

What is a circuit breaker?

a) An electronic device that allows current to flow in one direction only.
b) An electronic device that stores electrical energy.
c) An electronic device that regulates the voltage.
d) An electronic device that automatically interrupts an electrical circuit when the current exceeds a certain level.

Answer: d) An electronic device that automatically interrupts an electrical circuit when the current exceeds a certain level.

Explanation: A circuit breaker is an electronic device that automatically interrupts an electrical circuit when the current exceeds a certain level. It is used to protect electrical circuits and devices from damage due to overcurrent, short circuits, or other faults.

What is a three-phase power system?

a) A power system that uses three different types of energy sources.
b) A power system that uses three different voltage levels.
c) A power system that uses three different phases of AC voltage.
d) A power system that uses three different frequencies.

Answer: c) A power system that uses three different phases of AC voltage.

Explanation: A three-phase power system is a power system that uses three different phases of AC voltage that are separated by 120 degrees. It is commonly used in industrial and commercial applications due to its efficiency and power output.

What is a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI)?

Answer: d) An electronic device that automatically interrupts an electrical circuit when a ground fault is detected.

Explanation: A ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) is an electronic device that automatically interrupts an electrical circuit when a ground fault is detected. It is used to prevent electric shock and can be found in outlets, circuit breakers, and other electrical devices.

What is the difference between a fuse and a circuit breaker?

Answer: a) A fuse is a mechanical device while a circuit breaker is an electronic device.

Explanation: A fuse is a mechanical device that is used to protect an electrical circuit from overcurrent by melting a wire when the current exceeds a certain level. A circuit breaker is an electronic device that is used to protect an electrical circuit from overcurrent by tripping a switch when the current exceeds a certain level.

What is a relay?

Answer: d) An electronic device that controls a high-power circuit with a low-power signal.

Explanation: A relay is an electronic device that controls a high-power circuit with a low-power signal. It works by using an electromagnetic switch to turn on or off the circuit it is controlling. Relays are commonly used in industrial control systems and other applications where high-power circuits need to be controlled with low-power signals.

What is a phase angle?

a) The difference in voltage between two points in a circuit.
b) The difference in current between two points in a circuit.
c) The difference in phase between two AC signals.
d) The difference in frequency between two AC signals.

Answer: c) The difference in phase between two AC signals.

Explanation: A phase angle is a difference in phase between two AC signals. It is measured in degrees or radians and is used to describe the relationship between the two signals. In AC circuits, phase angles are important for calculating power, impedance, and other electrical properties.

What is a servo motor?

a) A type of DC motor that uses a feedback control system to maintain a precise position or speed.
b) A type of AC motor that uses a feedback control system to maintain a precise position or speed.
c) A type of motor that is used in electric vehicles.
d) A type of motor that is used in industrial automation.

Answer: a) A type of DC motor that uses a feedback control system to maintain a precise position or speed.

Explanation: A servo motor is a type of DC motor that uses a feedback control system to maintain a precise position or speed. It is commonly used in industrial automation, robotics, and other applications where precise motion control is required.

What is a stepper motor?

Answer: d) A type of motor that moves in small, precise steps instead of continuous motion.

Explanation: A stepper motor is a type of motor that moves in small, precise steps instead of continuous motion. It is commonly used in applications where precise positioning is required, such as 3D printers, CNC machines, and robotics.

What is an encoder?

a) An electronic device that converts an analog signal into a digital signal.
b) An electronic device that converts a digital signal into an analog signal.
c) An electronic device that measures position or speed.
d) An electronic device that amplifies signals.

Answer: c) An electronic device that measures position or speed.

Explanation: An encoder is an electronic device that measures position or speed by converting mechanical motion into electrical signals. It is commonly used in motion control systems and robotics to provide feedback on the position or speed of a motor or other moving part.

What is a sensor?

a) An electronic device that converts an analog signal into a digital signal.
b) An electronic device that converts a digital signal into an analog signal.
c) An electronic device that measures a physical quantity and converts it into an electrical signal.
d) An electronic device that stores electrical energy.

Answer: c) An electronic device that measures a physical quantity and converts it into an electrical signal.

Explanation: A sensor is an electronic device that measures a physical quantity, such as temperature, pressure, or light, and converts it into an electrical signal. Sensors are used in a variety of applications, including automation, environmental monitoring, and medical devices.

What is an inductor?

Answer: d) An electronic device that opposes changes in current flow.

Explanation: An inductor is an electronic device that opposes changes in current flow by storing energy in a magnetic field. It is commonly used in electronic circuits for filtering, tuning, and energy storage.

What is a frequency converter?

a) An electronic device that converts DC voltage to AC voltage.
b) An electronic device that changes the frequency of an AC power supply.
c) An electronic device that regulates the voltage.
d) An electronic device that amplifies signals.

Answer: b) An electronic device that changes the frequency of an AC power supply.

Explanation: A frequency converter is an electronic device that changes the frequency of an AC power supply. It is commonly used in industrial and commercial applications to convert power between different frequency standards or to adjust the frequency of a power supply to match the needs of a particular device.

What is a power factor?

a) The ratio of power output to power input.
b) The ratio of reactive power to real power in an AC circuit.
c) The ratio of voltage to current in an AC circuit.
d) The ratio of frequency to voltage in an AC circuit.

Answer: b) The ratio of reactive power to real power in an AC circuit.

Explanation: The power factor is the ratio of reactive power to real power in an AC circuit. It measures how efficiently a load is using the power supplied to it and is an important factor in designing and operating electrical systems.

What is a surge protector?

Answer: d) An electronic device that protects electrical equipment from voltage spikes.

Explanation: A surge protector is an electronic device that protects electrical equipment from voltage spikes by diverting excess voltage to the ground. It is commonly used in electronic systems to protect against power surges caused by lightning strikes, power outages, or other events.

What is the ground?

a) The path that currently takes through a circuit.
b) A point of zero potential in an electrical system.
c) A safety feature that prevents electric shock.
d) An electronic device that regulates the voltage.

Answer: b) A point of zero potential in an electrical system.

Explanation: A ground is a point of zero potential in an electrical system that serves as a reference point for measuring voltage and current. It is often connected to the earth to provide a safety feature that helps prevent electric shock.

What is an oscilloscope?

a) An electronic device that converts an analog signal into a digital signal.
b) An electronic device that measures voltage and current in an electrical circuit.
c) An electronic device that generates AC voltage.
d) An electronic device that displays waveforms of electrical signals.

Answer: d) An electronic device that displays waveforms of electrical signals.

Explanation: An oscilloscope is an electronic device that displays waveforms of electrical signals. It is commonly used in electronic circuits to measure voltage, current, and other electrical properties, and to troubleshoot and analyze electrical problems.

What is a transformer?

a) An electronic device that allows current to flow in one direction only.
b) An electronic device that stores electrical energy.
c) An electronic device that regulates the voltage.
d) An electronic device that uses magnetic fields to transfer electrical energy between circuits.

Answer: d) An electronic device that uses magnetic fields to transfer electrical energy between circuits.

Explanation: A transformer is an electronic device that uses magnetic fields to transfer electrical energy between circuits. It consists of two or more coils of wire wrapped around a magnetic core and is used to change the voltage and current levels of AC power.

What is a capacitor?

Answer: a) An electronic device that stores electrical energy.

Explanation: A capacitor is an electronic device that stores electrical energy by maintaining a charge on two conductive plates separated by an insulating material. It is commonly used in electronic circuits for filtering, energy storage, and timing.

What is an integrated circuit?

Answer: d) An electronic device that contains multiple electronic components on a single chip.

Explanation: An integrated circuit is an electronic device that contains multiple electronic components, such as transistors, resistors, and capacitors, on a single chip of semiconductor material. Integrated circuits are used in a wide range of electronic applications and are a key component of modern electronic devices.

What is a diode?

Answer: a) An electronic device that allows current to flow in one direction only.

Explanation: A diode is an electronic device that allows current to flow in one direction only. It consists of semiconductor material and is commonly used in electronic circuits for rectification, voltage regulation, and switching.

What is a resistor?

Answer: d) An electronic device that opposes the flow of current in an electrical circuit.

Explanation: A resistor is an electronic device that opposes the flow of current in an electrical circuit. It is commonly used in electronic circuits for current limiting, voltage division, and signal attenuation.

What is a thyristor?

Answer: d) An electronic device that acts as a switch and controls the flow of current in an electrical circuit.

Explanation: A thyristor is an electronic device that acts as a switch and controls the flow of current in an electrical circuit. It consists of four layers of semiconductor material and is commonly used in electronic circuits for power control, switching, and regulation.

What is a voltage regulator?

Answer: c) An electronic device that regulates the voltage.

Explanation: A voltage regulator is an electronic device that regulates the voltage by maintaining a constant output voltage despite changes in input voltage or load current. It is commonly used in electronic circuits to provide a stable power supply for other components and devices.

What is an op-amp?

Answer: c) An electronic device that amplifies signals.

Explanation: An op-amp, or operational amplifier, is an electronic device that amplifies signals by providing a high gain and high input impedance. It is commonly used in electronic circuits for amplification, filtering, and signal conditioning.

What is a microcontroller?

Answer: d) An electronic device that contains a microprocessor, memory, and I/O interfaces on a single chip.

Explanation: A microcontroller is an electronic device that contains a microprocessor, memory, and I/O interfaces on a single chip. It is commonly used in electronic systems for control, monitoring, and automation.

What is a printed circuit board (PCB)?

a) A board made of plastic or metal that holds electronic components in place.
b) A board that amplifies signals in an electronic circuit.
c) A board that converts analog signals into digital signals.
d) A board that contains conductive pathways and connections for electronic components.

Answer: d) A board that contains conductive pathways and connections for electronic components.

Explanation: A printed circuit board (PCB) is a board that contains conductive pathways and connections for electronic components. It is commonly used in electronic systems to provide a stable, organized platform for components and to ensure proper electrical connections.

What is a superconductor?

a) An electronic device that allows current to flow in one direction only.
b) An electronic device that stores electrical energy.
c) A material that exhibits zero electrical resistance at very low temperatures.
d) An electronic device that amplifies signals.

Answer: c) A material that exhibits zero electrical resistance at very low temperatures.

Explanation: A superconductor is a material that exhibits zero electrical resistance at very low temperatures, typically below -200°C. Superconductors have a variety of potential applications in electrical systems, including energy storage and transmission.

What is a transducer?

a) An electronic device that allows current to flow in one direction only.
b) An electronic device that converts an analog signal into a digital signal.
c) An electronic device that measures a physical quantity and converts it into an electrical signal.
d) An electronic device that stores electrical energy.

Answer: c) An electronic device that measures a physical quantity and converts it into an electrical signal.

Explanation: A transducer is an electronic device that measures a physical quantity, such as temperature, pressure, or displacement, and converts it into an electrical signal. Transducers are used in a wide range of applications, including industrial control, environmental monitoring, and medical devices.

What is a stepper motor?

Answer: d) An electronic device that converts digital signals into rotary motion.

Explanation: A stepper motor is an electronic device that converts digital signals into rotary motion. It consists of a rotor and stator and is commonly used in electronic systems for precise control of rotational position and speed.

What is a relay?

a) An electronic device that stores electrical energy.
b) An electronic device that allows current to flow in one direction only.
c) An electronic device that controls the flow of current in an electrical circuit.
d) An electronic device that amplifies signals.

Answer: c) An electronic device that controls the flow of current in an electrical circuit.

Explanation: A relay is an electronic device that controls the flow of current in an electrical circuit. It consists of a coil and a set of contacts and is commonly used in electronic systems for switching, control, and protection.

What is a solenoid?

a) An electronic device that stores electrical energy.
b) An electronic device that allows current to flow in one direction only.
c) An electronic device that converts electrical energy into mechanical motion.
d) An electronic device that amplifies signals.

Answer: c) An electronic device that converts electrical energy into mechanical motion.

Explanation: A solenoid is an electronic device that converts electrical energy into mechanical motion. It consists of a coil of wire and a plunger and is commonly used in electronic systems for switching, control, and automation.

What is a brushless DC motor?

a) A motor that uses brushes to transfer electrical power to the rotor.
b) A motor that uses magnetic fields to transfer electrical power to the rotor.
c) A motor that uses an AC power supply.
d) A motor that uses electronic commutation to control the rotor position.

Answer: d) A motor that uses electronic commutation to control the rotor position.

Explanation: A brushless DC motor is a motor that uses electronic commutation to control the rotor position. It typically consists of a stator and a permanent magnet rotor and is commonly used in electronic systems for control, automation, and robotics.

What is a piezoelectric sensor?

a) A sensor that measures temperature.
b) A sensor that measures pressure.
c) A sensor that measures light intensity.
d) A sensor that measures magnetic fields.

Answer: b) A sensor that measures pressure.

Explanation: A piezoelectric sensor is a sensor that measures pressure by converting mechanical stress into an electrical signal. Piezoelectric sensors are commonly used in electronic systems for pressure measurement, vibration analysis, and acoustic sensing.

What is an encoder?

a) A device that converts digital signals into analog signals.
b) A device that converts analog signals into digital signals.
c) A device that measures rotational position and velocity.
d) A device that measures linear position and velocity.

Answer: c) A device that measures rotational position and velocity.

Explanation: An encoder is a device that measures rotational position and velocity. It typically consists of a rotating disc with slots or markings and a sensor that detects the disc’s position. Encoders are commonly used in electronic systems for position control, robotics, and automation.

What is a thermocouple?

a) A sensor that measures temperature by converting it into a voltage signal.
b) A device that measures rotational position and velocity.
c) A device that measures linear position and velocity.
d) A device that measures pressure.

Answer: a) A sensor that measures temperature by converting it into a voltage signal.

Explanation: A thermocouple is a sensor that measures temperature by converting it into a voltage signal. It consists of two different metals joined together, and the voltage generated is proportional to the temperature difference between the two metals. Thermocouples are commonly used in electronic systems for temperature measurement and control.

What is a Hall effect sensor?

a) A sensor that measures magnetic fields.
b) A sensor that measures pressure.
c) A sensor that measures temperature.
d) A sensor that measures light intensity.

Answer: a) A sensor that measures magnetic fields.

Explanation: A Hall effect sensor is a sensor that measures magnetic fields by detecting the Hall voltage generated in a semiconductor material. Hall effect sensors are commonly used in electronic systems for magnetic field measurement, motor control, and position sensing.

What is a transformer?

a) An electronic device that converts AC voltage to DC voltage.
b) An electronic device that stores electrical energy.
c) An electronic device that converts DC voltage to AC voltage.
d) An electronic device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through electromagnetic induction.

Answer: d) An electronic device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through electromagnetic induction.

Explanation: A transformer is an electronic device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through electromagnetic induction. It consists of two or more coils of wire and is commonly used in electronic systems for voltage regulation, power transmission, and isolation.

What is a diode?

Answer: a) An electronic device that allows current to flow in one direction only.

Explanation: A diode is an electronic device that allows current to flow in one direction only. It consists of a PN junction and is commonly used in electronic systems for rectification, voltage regulation, and switching.

What is an inductor?

a) An electronic device that allows current to flow in one direction only.
b) An electronic device that stores electrical energy in a magnetic field.
c) An electronic device that regulates the voltage.
d) An electronic device that amplifies signals.

Answer: b) An electronic device that stores electrical energy in a magnetic field.

Explanation: An inductor is an electronic device that stores electrical energy in a magnetic field. It consists of a coil of wire and is commonly used in electronic systems for energy storage, filtering, and smoothing.

What is a capacitor?

a) An electronic device that allows current to flow in one direction only.
b) An electronic device that stores electrical energy in a magnetic field.
c) An electronic device that stores electrical energy in an electric field.
d) An electronic device that regulates the voltage.

Answer: c) An electronic device that stores electrical energy in an electric field.

Explanation: A capacitor is an electronic device that stores electrical energy in an electric field. It consists of two conductive plates separated by a dielectric material and is commonly used in electronic systems for energy storage, filtering, and signal coupling.

What is a resistor?

a) An electronic device that allows current to flow in one direction only.
b) An electronic device that stores electrical energy.
c) An electronic device that regulates the voltage.
d) An electronic device that opposes the flow of current in an electrical circuit.

Answer: d) An electronic device that opposes the flow of current in an electrical circuit.

Explanation: A resistor is an electronic device that opposes the flow of current in an electrical circuit. It is commonly used in electronic systems for current limiting, voltage division, and signal attenuation.

What is an op-amp?

a) A device that amplifies signals.
b) A device that stores electrical energy.
c) A device that allows current to flow in one direction only.
d) A device that regulates the voltage.

Answer: a) A device that amplifies signals.

Explanation: An op-amp (operational amplifier) is a device that amplifies signals. It consists of an input stage, an amplification stage, and an output stage, and is commonly used in electronic systems for signal conditioning, filtering, and amplification.

What is a filter?

a) A device that amplifies signals.
b) A device that allows current to flow in one direction only.
c) A device that stores electrical energy.
d) A device that removes unwanted frequencies from a signal.

Answer: d) A device that removes unwanted frequencies from a signal.

Explanation: A filter is a device that removes unwanted frequencies from a signal. Filters are commonly used in electronic systems for noise reduction, signal conditioning, and signal processing.

What is pulse-width modulation (PWM)?

a) A method of encoding digital signals onto an analog carrier wave.
b) A method of transmitting digital signals wirelessly.
c) A method of regulating the duty cycle of a digital signal.
d) A method of generating analog signals from digital signals.

Answer: c) A method of regulating the duty cycle of a digital signal.

Explanation: Pulse-width modulation (PWM) is a method of regulating the duty cycle of a digital signal. It involves varying the pulse width of a square wave signal to control the power delivered to a load. PWM is commonly used in electronic systems for motor control, power regulation, and lighting control.

What is a microcontroller?

a) An electronic device that amplifies signals.
b) An electronic device that stores electrical energy.
c) An electronic device that allows current to flow in one direction only.
d) An electronic device that integrates a microprocessor, memory, and input/output peripherals on a single chip.

Answer: d) An electronic device that integrates a microprocessor, memory, and input/output peripherals on a single chip.

Explanation: A microcontroller is an electronic device that integrates a microprocessor, memory, and input/output peripherals on a single chip. Microcontrollers are commonly used in electronic systems for control, automation, and sensing.

What is an oscillator?

Answer: d) An electronic device that generates periodic waveforms.

Explanation: An oscillator is an electronic device that generates periodic waveforms. Oscillators are commonly used in electronic systems for timing, frequency generation, and signal synthesis.